Kloosterman paths of prime powers moduli (Q1989594)

Summary: In [Compos. Math. 152, No. 7, 1489--1516 (2016; Zbl 1419.11134], \textit{E. Kowalski} and \textit{W. F. Sawin} proved, using a deep independence result of Kloosterman sheaves, that the polygonal paths joining the partial sums of the normalized classical Kloosterman sums \(S(a,b_0;p)/p^{1/2}\) converge in the sense of finite distributions to a specific random Fourier series, as \(a\) varies over \((\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^\times\), \(b_0\) is fixed in \((\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^\times\) and \(p\) tends to infinity among the odd prime numbers. This article considers the case of \(S(a,b_0;p^n)/p^{n/2}\), as \(a\) varies over \((\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z})^\times\), \(b_0\) is fixed in \((\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z})^\times\), \(p\) tends to infinity among the odd prime numbers and \(n\geq2\) is a fixed integer. A convergence in law in the Banach space of complex-valued continuous function on \([0,1]\) is also established, as \((a,b)\) varies over \((\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z})^\times\times(\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z})^\times\), \(p\) tends to infinity among the odd prime numbers and \(n\geq2\) is a fixed integer. This is the analogue of the result obtained in [loc. cit.] in the prime moduli case.