On the numerical range of matrices defined over a finite field (Q1994940)

Let \(q\) be a prime power and let \(\mathbb{F}_q\) denote the only field, up to isomorphism, with \(|\mathbb{F}_q| = q\). For \(u=(u_1,\dots,u_n), v=(v_1,\dots,v_n)\in\mathbb{F}_{q^2}^n\), let \(\langle u,v\rangle:= \sum_{i=1}^nu_i^qv_i\) be the standard Hermitian form on \(\mathbb{F}_{q^2}^n\). For an \(n\times n\) matrix \(M\) over \(\mathbb{F}_{q^2}\), its the numerical range \(\mathrm{Num}(M)\) is defined by \(\{\langle u,M u\rangle\mid u\in\mathbb{F}_{q^2}^n,\langle u,u\rangle=1\}\) (see [\textit{J. I. Coons} et al., Linear Algebra Appl. 501, 37--47 (2016; Zbl 1334.15054); \textit{E. Ballico}, Linear Algebra Appl. 512, 162--171 (2017; Zbl 1353.15028); corrigendum ibid. 556, 421--427 (2018; Zbl 1442.15051)]). In this paper, the author describes \(\mathrm{Num}(M)\) for several classes of matrices, mostly for \(n=2, 4\).