On the divergence of subsequences of partial Walsh-Fourier sums (Q1996314)

The variation of a~natural number~\(n\) is the number \(V(n)=\varepsilon_0(n)+\sum_{j=0}^\infty|\varepsilon_{j+1}(n)-\varepsilon_j(n)|\) where \(n=\sum_{j=0}^\infty\varepsilon_j(n)2^j\) and \(\varepsilon_j(n)\in\{0,1\}\). For a~non-decreasing function \(\varphi:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) and a~measurable set \(E\subset\mathbb{R}\) let \(\varphi(L)(E)\) denote the class of all measurable functions \(f:E\to\mathbb{R}\) for which \(\int_E\varphi(|f|)<\infty\); \(\varphi(L)(E)\subset L(E)\) provided that \(\liminf_{u\to\infty}\varphi(u)/u>0\). The Rademacher orthogonal system of functions \((r_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}_0}\) is defined by \(r_n(x)=r(2^nx)\) for \(x\in[0,1)\) where \(\mathbb{N}_0\) is the set of non-negative integers and \(r:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) is the \(1\)-periodic function defined by \(r(x)=1\) for \(x\in[0,1/2)\) and \(r(x)=-1\) for \(x\in[1/2,1)\). The Walsh orthogonal system \((w_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}_0}\) is defined by \(w_n(x)=\sum_{j=0}^\infty r_j(x)^{\varepsilon_j(n)}\) for \(x\in[0,1)\). The partial Walsh-Fourier sums of a~function \(f\in L[0,1)\) are defined by \(S_n(f)=\sum_{k<n}\widehat{f}(k)w_k\) for \(n\in\mathbb{N}_0\) where \(\widehat{f}(k)=\int_{[0,1)}fw_k\). For partial sums \(\mathcal{S}_n(f)\) of Fourier trigonometric series it is known that for every increasing sequence of natural numbers~\((n_k)\) there is \(f\in L[0,2\pi)\) such that \(\sup_{k\in\mathbb{N}}|\mathcal{S}_{n_k}(f)|=\infty\) for every \(x\in[0,2\pi)\). The same result does not hold for Walsh-Fourier series because if an increasing sequence~\((n_k)\) has a~bounded variation then the sums \(S_{n_k}(f)\) converge to~\(f\) almost everywhere for every \(f\in L[0,1)\). In this connection \textit{S. V. Konyagin} [in: Proceedings of the international congress of mathematicians (ICM), Madrid, Spain, August 22--30, 2006. Volume II: Invited lectures. Zürich: European Mathematical Society (EMS). 1393--1403 (2006; Zbl 1105.42003)] asked about a~necessary and sufficient condition on an increasing sequence~\((n_k)\) of natural numbers under which the partial Walsh-Fourier sums \(S_{n_k}(f)\) converge to~\(f\) almost everywhere for every function \(f\in L[0,1)\). In the paper under the review the author finds a~sufficient condition for a~sequence \((n_k)\) under which there is \(f\in L[0,1)\) such that the sequence of partial Walsh-Fourier sums \(S_{n_k}(f)\) diverges everywhere. He also gives a~condition for the growth order of a~function \(\varphi:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) such that the last mentioned functions~\(f\) exist in the class \(\varphi(L)[0,1)\).