Iwasawa theory for the symmetric square of a modular form (Q2001375)

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Iwasawa theory for the symmetric square of a modular form
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    Iwasawa theory for the symmetric square of a modular form (English)
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    3 July 2019
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    Let \(f\) be a cuspidal normalized new eigenform of level \(N_f\) and weight \(k\geqslant 2\) which is ordinary at some prime \(p\) and is not of CM type, and let \(\mathrm{Sym}^2(f)\) be the symmetric square of the Galois representation associated to \(f\). To \(\mathrm{Sym}^2(f)\) (and other additional data like Dirichlet characters) one can attach various analytic objects (like primitive and imprimitive \(L\)-functions and \(p\)-adic \(L\)-functions interpolating their special values) and algebraic objects (like Selmer groups). These objects live in the Iwasawa algebra \(\Lambda\) for the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension of a number field or, in the case of Selmer groups, their characteristic ideal does. The paper deals with the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory for this setting, which basically predicts an equality (up to the congruence ideal of \(f\)) between (the ideal generated by) the \(p\)-adic \(L\)-function and the characteristic ideal of the Selmer group of \(\mathrm{Sym}^2(f)\). The authors give definitions and the main properties of all the objects involved in the main conjecture, then they use the Beilinson-Flach classes constructed in previous works (see [\textit{A. Lei} et al., Ann. Math. (2) 180, No. 2, 653--771 (2014; Zbl 1315.11044)] and [\textit{G. Kings} et al., Camb. J. Math. 5, No. 1, 1--122 (2017; Zbl 1428.11103)]) to provide an Euler system of cohomological classes \(c_m\in H^1_{Iw}(\mathbb{Q}(\mu_{mp^\infty}),T)\) (\(T\) is the lattice associated to the given representation) and its compatibility relations for \(\mathrm{cores}^{\ell m}_m(c_{\ell m})\) involving the \(\ell\)-Euler factor of the \(L\)-function mentioned above. Such Euler system is proved to be nontrivial via some regulator formula and a factorization result for \(p\)-adic \(L\)-functions due to \textit{S. Dasgupta} [Invent. Math. 205, No. 1, 221--268 (2016; Zbl 1361.11076)]; hence it can be used to bound the orders of the Selmer groups and control their structure. Under some additional hypotheses the authors bound the Selmer groups using the index of the (image of) the Euler system and show that such index corresponds to the \(p\)-adic \(L\)-function in \(\Lambda\) up to some explicit factors (which, in some cases, they can get rid of): this provides one divisibility relation in the main conjecture.
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    symmetric squares of modular forms
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    euler systems
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    \(L\)-functions
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    Selmer groups
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    main conjecture
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