A nonlocal reaction-diffusion prey-predator model with free boundary (Q2004497)

This article deals with a non-local predator-prey system with a free border. First, a spreading risk index $R^p_0(t_0)>1$ is introduced. The results show that predators will spread successfully if $R^p_0(t_0)<1<R_0$ with $||u_0||L_\infty$ and $||v_0||L_\infty$ relatively large or $R^p_0(t_0)>1$ for $t_0>0$, and the predators will finally disappear if the size of the initial coverage area $h_0$ and the spreading coefficients $\mu$ are relatively small or $R^p_0(0)<1$ with the initial value of the prey and the size of the initial coverage area relatively small. The main results show that the distribution of predators depends not only on the risk index $R^p_0(t)$, but also on the initial size and initial value. $R^p_0(t)$ is introduced as a risk index and $R^p_0(t_0)$ is defined as a threshold. Both are smaller than $r_1b_1/a_1r_2$. Due to the free boundary and the nonlocal term, predators propagate more easily in the sense that if $R^p_0(t_0)\geq 1$, then $\lim\to\infty||v(t)||C([g(t),h (t)])>0$ and $h_\infty-g_\infty=\infty$; if $R^p_0(t_0)\leq 1$, then the predators will eventually successfully spread when $||u_0||L_\infty$ and $||v_0||L_\infty$ become large enough. From the above results, it follows that it is possible to apply the method of ecology to control, that is, to take the population of predators (natural enemies) into the original habitat in an initial state so that they can precede prey in one of four ways: (i) increase the initial number of species at the beginning the placement process; (ii) reduce mortality of predators; (iii) increase the scattering rate; (iv) take on more powerful predators, (v) constantly place natural enemies in a new environment.