Bose-Einstein condensation of nonideal Cooper pairs in the Hartree-Fock-Popov theory (Q2011802)

The paper proposes a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) theory of nonideal Cooper pairs within the Hartree-Fock-Popov (HFP) approximation. The Cooper pair system undergoes a first-order phase transition from the normal state to the BEC state. 3D study provides a criterion whether the BEC theory applies to cuprate high-temperature superconductors. Adopting the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS)-BEC crossover theory, the author answers the question: ``Are the experimental findings correctly interpreted in terms of a quantum field theory of interacting Cooper pairs?'' The developed theory accounts self-consistently for a d-wave symmetry of the superconducting gap and for a pseudogap above the superconducting transition temperature. First, the microscopic theory of formation of Cooper pairs is considered within the framework of second-quantization field theory, introducing the field operators of a conduction electron. The second quantization of the system of interacting Cooper pairs is depicted by using the screened Coulomb repulsive interaction potential. The consideration does not include external fields and treats a uniform system of interacting Cooper pairs. Then, the finite-temperature excitations in the system of interacting Cooper pairs are studied using the Beliaev-Green's function formalism. The developed approach shows how to include the effects of the non-condensate Cooper pairs and is based on the first-order HFP self-energy diagrams. To reflect the new features associated with the existence of a Bose condensate reservoir, two anomalous Green's functions are introduced. Together with the normal Green's function, they give an entire general solution of Dyson equations in terms of the exact proper self-energies. Then, the HFP approximation for the BEC of interacting Cooper pairs at finite temperatures is introduced. Explicit expressions of the self-energies in the HTP approximation are given and the Green's functions and some physical quantities are calculated. The HFP approximation does not introduce an energy gap in the excitation spectrum, because it omits the off-diagonal self-energies. Then, the BEC of Cooper pairs is studied theoretically beginning with ideal Cooper pairs and obtaining expression for the critical temperature. While studying the normal phase, the HFP approximation shows that the normal properties of a weakly interacting Bose gas are unchanged compared to that of a non-interacting Bose gas and, in particular, the BEC transition temperature is the same. By studying the Bose condensed phase of interacting Cooper pairs for the density of particles in the condensate, a nonlinear equation is obtained, which is then solved numerically. Numerical results are obtained for the zero-temperature and finite-temperature cases. In particular, the numerical results concern the excitation energy, the transition temperature of BEC of the system of ideal Cooper pairs, and the condensate density.