Additive maps preserving Drazin invertible operators of index \(n\) (Q2011941)

Let \(\mathcal{X}\) be an infinite-dimensional complex Banach space and \(\mathcal{B(X)}\) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on \(\mathcal{X}\). Let \(\mathcal{X}^{\ast}\) denote the topological dual space of \(\mathcal{X}\) and \(A^{\ast}\) the adjoint operator of \(A\in \mathcal{B(X)}\). By \(\mathcal{D}_{n}(\mathcal{X})\) denote the set of all Drazin invertible operators in \(\mathcal{B(X)}\) of index \(n\), and by \(\mathcal{P}_{n}(A)\) the set of all poles of order \(n\) of the resolvent of \(A\in \mathcal{B(X)}\). For a subset \(\Lambda\) of \(\mathcal{B(X)}\), we say that the map \(\Phi :\mathcal{B(X)\rightarrow B(X)}\) preserves \(\Lambda \) in both directions if, for every \(A\in \mathcal{B(X)}\), \[ A\in \Lambda \quad \text{ if and only if }\quad \Phi (A)\in \Lambda. \] Additive, surjective maps preserving \(\mathcal{D}_{1}(\mathcal{X})\) in both directions were characterized in [\textit{M. Mbekhta} et al., Math. Proc. R. Ir. Acad. 116A, No. 1, 19--34 (2016; Zbl 1353.47071)]. In the paper under review, authors establish a similar result for \(\mathcal{D}_{n}(\mathcal{X})\) where \(n\geq 2\). The main result follows. Theorem. Let \(\Phi :\mathcal{B(X)\rightarrow B(X)}\) be additive, surjective map, and let \(n\geq 2\) be an integer. Then \(\Phi\) preserves \(\mathcal{D}_{n}(\mathcal{X})\) in both directions if and only if there exists a nonzero \(\alpha \in \mathbb{C}\) and one of the following assertions holds. \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] There is a bijective, continuous mapping \(S:\mathcal{X}\rightarrow \mathcal{X}\), either linear or conjugate linear, such that \[ \Phi (A)=\alpha SAS^{-1}\quad \text{for all }A\in \mathcal{B(X)}. \] \item[(2)] There is a bijective, continuous mapping \(T:\mathcal{X}^{\ast}\rightarrow \mathcal{X}\), either linear or conjugate linear, such that \[ \Phi (A)=\alpha TA^{\ast}T^{-1}\quad \text{for all }A\in \mathcal{B(X)}. \] \end{itemize} As a corollary to this result, the authors describe the form of all additive, surjective maps \(\Phi :\mathcal{B(X)}\rightarrow \mathcal{B(X)}\) where for an integer \(n\geq 2\), \(\Phi(\mathcal{P}_{n}(A))=\mathcal{P}_{n}(A)\) for every \(A\in \mathcal{B(X)}\). The paper has three sections. The results are presented in the first section. In the second section, authors establish some auxiliary results on properties of Drazin invertible operators of index \(n\). The main result and its corollary are proved in the third section. The authors first show that additive, surjective maps \(\Phi :\mathcal{B(X)}\rightarrow \mathcal{B(X)}\) preserving \(\mathcal{D}_{n}(\mathcal{X})\) in both directions are injective and preserve the set of all rank one operators in both directions. Next, they show that there exists a nonzero \(\alpha \in \mathbb{C}\) such that \(\Phi (I)=\alpha I\). They establish the form of \(\Phi\) on the set of all finite rank operators in \(\mathcal{B(X)}\) and then in a short step conclude the proof of the main theorem.