Global well-posedness of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation with periodic boundary condition in \(H^{\frac{1}{2}}\) (Q2013911)

The author of this interesting paper consider the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLS) \[ i\partial_tu+\partial_{x}^{2}u=i\partial_x(|u|^2u), \;\;(t,x)\in \mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{T}, \] with periodic boundary condition \(u(0,x)=u_0(x)\), \(u_0\in H^s(\mathbb{T})\), where \(\mathbb{T} = \mathbb{R}/2\pi \mathbb{Z}\simeq [0,2\pi )\). Note that the mass of initial data is less than \(4\pi \). The reader can see this equation in some mathematical models mainly in the plasma physics. Actually, it is a particular case of a perturbed complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. It is known that the considered problem is completely integrable, in the sense that it is the compatibility condition for a certain pair of linear differential equations (see [\textit{D. J. Kaup} and \textit{A. C. Newell}, J. Math. Phys. 19, 798--801 (1978; Zbl 0383.35015)]). This model possesses three basic conservation laws (functionals in integral form): \(M[u]=\int\bigl(|u|^2\bigr)dx\) (mass), \(P[u]=\int\bigl(\Im (u\partial_x\bar{u})+ (1/2)|u|^4\bigr)dx\) (momentum, that is the Hamiltonian for the equation under consideration), \(E[u]=\int \bigl(|\partial_xu|^2+(3/2)|u|^2 \Im (u\partial_x\bar{u})+(1/2)|u|^6\bigr)dx \) (energy), where \(u\) is the solution. These quantities are at the levels \(L^2\), \(H^{1/2}\), and \(H^1\), respectively, as it is given here. The main result is the statement, that the DNLS equation with periodic boundary condition is globally well-posed in \(H^{1/2}\) for initial data \(u_0\) with \(M[u_0] < 4\pi \). To prove this result the author makes use of the gauge transformation, and its Lipschitz continuity property, the multi-linear estimates [\textit{S. Herr}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2006, No. 8, Article ID 96763, 33 p. (2006; Zbl 1149.35074)], Strichartz estimate of \textit{D. De Silva} et al. [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 19, No. 1, 37--65 (2007; Zbl 1293.35291)], and the sharp Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities \(\|v\|_{L^6(\mathbb{R})}^{6}\leq 4\pi^{-2} \|\partial_xv\|_{L^2(\mathbb{R})}^2 \|v\|_{L^2(\mathbb{R})}^{4}\) by which it is shown that the energy \(E[u]\) controls the \(\dot{H}^1\)-norm of the solution \(u\) of DNLS provided that the inequality \(M[u_0]<2\pi \) hold. It is of interest that the uniform continuity of the solution map on bounded subsets of \(H^s\) does not hold, for any gauge equivalent equation.