Boundary distortion estimates for holomorphic maps (Q2015022)

Let \(\text{Hol}(\mathbb D,\mathbb D)\) stand for the family of analytic self-maps of the unit disk \(\mathbb D\). A point \(\xi\in\hat{\mathbb D}\) from the closure \(\hat{\mathbb D}\) of \(\mathbb D\) is said to be a fixed point of \(\varphi\in\text{Hol}(\mathbb D,\mathbb D)\) if \(\lim_{r\to1-}\varphi(r\xi)=\xi\). Fixed points \(\xi\in\mathbb T=\partial\mathbb D\) are called boundary fixed points of \(\varphi\). Whenever the value of the angular derivative \(\varphi'(\xi)\) is finite for a boundary fixed point \(\xi\), we say that \(\xi\) is a regular boundary fixed point. The authors combine a method based on the notion of digon and extremal partition of a domain with an approach turned into the theory of semigroups of analytic functions. In particular, they prove that, for \(\phi\in\text{Hol}(\mathbb D,\mathbb D)\) with a regular boundary fixed point \(\xi=1\), \[ \phi'(1)\geq2\left[\text{Re}\frac{1-\phi^2(0)+\phi'(0)}{(1-\phi(0))^2}\right]^{-1}, \] which improves Osserman's estimate. If, in addition, \(\phi(\mathbb D)\) does not separate the origin and \(\mathbb T\), and \(0\notin\phi(\mathbb D)\), then \(\phi'(1)\geq-{1\over2}\log|\phi(0)|\) and, for all \(z\in\mathbb D\), \[ \frac{1-|z|}{1+|z|}\log\frac{1}{|\phi(0)|}\leq\log\frac{1}{|\phi(z)|}\leq\frac{1+|z|}{1-|z|}\log\frac{1}{|\phi(0)|}, \] which improves the known estimates. The main result of the paper concerns the case of univalent functions \(\varphi\in\text{Hol}(\mathbb D,\mathbb D)\) with two boundary fixed points \(\xi_1\) and \(\xi_2\). Without loss of generality, it is assumed that \(\xi_1=e^{-i\theta}\) and \(\xi_2=e^{i\theta}\) for \(\theta\in(0,{\pi\over2})\). The authors give a sharp lower estimate of the product \(\varphi'(\xi_1)\varphi'(\xi_2)\) dependent on \(\varphi(0)\) situated either to the right side of the arc \(\gamma_0\) of the circumference \(\{(x,y): (x^2+y^2)\cos\theta=x\}\) containing the origin and the points \(e^{-i\theta}\) and \(e^{i\theta}\) inside \(\hat{\mathbb D}\) or to the left side of \(\gamma_0\). The intermediate position \(\varphi(0)\in\gamma_0\) joins both limiting cases to obtain the unimprovable result \(\varphi'(e^{-i\theta})\varphi'(e^{i\theta})\geq1\).