Derivations, gradings, actions of algebraic groups, and codimension growth of polynomial identities. (Q2015196)

The Wedderburn-Malcev theorem for finite dimensional associative algebras and the Levi theorem for finite dimensional Lie algebras have many generalizations which take into account the additional structure of the algebra, e.g., when a finite group \(G\) acts as a group of automorphisms and anti-automorphisms, grading by a finite abelian group, for algebras which are \(H\)-(co)modules of a Hopf algebra \(H\), etc. The first result of the paper under review is to establish \(G\)-invariant analogues of the Wedderburn-Malcev and Levi theorems for a finite dimensional associative or Lie algebra \(A\) over an algebraically closed field \(F\) of characteristic 0 when \(G\) is a reductive affine algebraic group acting rationally on \(A\) by automorphisms and anti-automorphisms. Then this result is transferred to the case when a finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\) acts on \(A\) by derivations. Further, the authors consider analogues of the Amitsur conjecture which states that the exponent of the codimension sequence of an associative algebra with polynomial identity is an integer. After the conjecture was proved by Giambruno and Zaicev, generalizations for other algebras without or with additional structure were established. In the present paper the authors show analogues of the Amitsur conjecture for the codimension sequence of differential polynomial identities when the finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\) acts on the finite dimensional associative or Lie algebra \(A\) by derivations. The authors establish also the Amitsur conjecture for \(G\)-identities when \(A\) is finite dimensional and associative and the reductive affine algebraic group \(G\) acts rationally on \(A\) by automorphisms and anti-automorphisms. Then they show a similar result for \(G\)-graded identities for an arbitrary (also infinite) abelian group. (The Lie case for the action of the reductive affine algebraic group \(G\) is handled by \textit{A. S. Gordienko}, [in ``Amitsur's conjecture for polynomial \(H\)-identities of \(H\)-module Lie algebras'', \url{arXiv:1207.1699}].) It has turned out that for finite dimensional associative algebras with \(\mathfrak g\)-action the exponent of differential polynomial identities coincides with the codimension of the ordinary polynomial identities, and the same holds for the action of the reductive affine algebraic group \(G\). Finally, the authors give some examples and criteria for \(\mathfrak g\)-, \(G\)-, and \(H\)-simplicity in terms of the corresponding exponent.