First integrals, integrating factors, and invariant solutions of the path equation based on Noether and \(\lambda\)-symmetries (Q2015319)

The authors consider the ODE \[ y'' = \frac{f' (y)}{f(y)} \;[ 1 + (y')^2] \] for \(y=y(x)\); its solutions describe the optimal path in a vertically stratified medium in order to minimize drag forces opposing the motion, and the authors therefore refer to the equation as the \textit{path equation}. They first consider Noether symmetries, based on a partial Lagrangian formulation [\textit{A. H. Kara} et al., Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 30, No. 16, 2079--2089 (2007; Zbl 1130.70012)]; and later on the so called \(\lambda\)-symmetries [\textit{C. Muriel} and \textit{J. L. Romero}, IMA J. Appl. Math. 66, No. 2, 111--125 (2001; Zbl 1065.34006)]. Finally they also study the equation and its \(\lambda\)-symmetries via an approach based on Jacobi last multiplier [\textit{M. C. Nucci} and \textit{D. Levi}, Nonlinear Anal., Real World Appl. 14, No. 2, 1092--1101 (2013; Zbl 1266.34058)]. In all cases, tables summarizing the obtained results, i.e. the symmetries determined in different ways and the associated invariant solutions, are provided.