On an important non-Riemannian quantity in Finsler geometry (Q2016035)

Let \(F\) be a Finsler metric. Using the mean Berwald curvature and the horizontal covariant derivative with respect to the Berwald connection, Z. Shen defined a non-Riemannian quantity \(\bar{E}\) called \(\bar{E}\)-curvature. In this paper the authors consider a projectively flat Finsler metric \(F\) and prove the following results: First, if the flag curvature \(K\) vanishes, then the \(\bar{E} \)-curvature must also vanish. Secondly, if the flag curvature is nonzero, then \(F\) is Riemannian if and only if \(\bar{E}=0\). Finally, if \(F\) is an Einstein Douglas metric with \(\bar{E}=0\) and \(K=0\), then \(F\) is Riemannian.