Existence and multiplicity results for semilinear elliptic equations at resonance (Q2016122)

Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded smooth domain in \(\mathbb{R}^N\), and let \(0<\lambda_1<\lambda_2<\dots<\lambda_j<\dots\) be the distinct eigenvalues of the Laplacian operator in \(H_0^1(\Omega)\). Moreover, let \(g\in C^1(\Omega\times \mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})\) be a function with subcritical growth at infinity. The authors consider the elliptic problem \(-\Delta u=\lambda_ku+g(x,u)\) in \(\Omega\), \(u=0\) on \(\partial \Omega\), in the case of double resonance, that is with \(g\) satisfying the condition \[ \displaystyle{0\leq \liminf_{|t\rightarrow \infty|}\frac{g(x,t)}{t}\leq \limsup_{|t|\rightarrow\infty}\frac{g(x,t)}{t}\leq \lambda_{k+1}-\lambda_k}, \] uniformly for a.e. \(x\in \Omega\). They establish some existence and multiplicity results by assuming a nonquadratic condition on \(g\) which is weaker than that assumed in [\textit{D. G. Costa} and \textit{C. A. Magalhães}, Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 23, No. 11, 1401--1412 (1994; Zbl 0820.35059)], and in [\textit{F. O. V. de Paiva}, Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal. 21, No. 2, 227--247 (2003; Zbl 1112.35077)]. The proofs are based on variational methods.