On the \(p\)-rank of \(\mathrm{Ext}(A,B)\) for countable Abelian groups \(A\) and \(B\). (Q2017129)

For a torsion-free Abelian group \(A\) the group \(\text{Ext}(A,B)\) is divisible for any Abelian group \(B\), and thus it is of the form of \[ \text{Ext}(A,B)=\bigoplus_{r_0}\mathbb Q\oplus\bigoplus_p\bigl(\bigoplus_{r_p}\mathbb Z_{p^\infty}\bigr) \] for some cardinals \(r_0, r_p\) (\(p\) is prime). The torsion-free rank (\(r_0\)) has been pretty well described for countable torsion-free Abelian \(A\) and torsion-free Abelian \(B\) such that \(|B|<2^{\aleph_0}\) by \textit{S.~Friedenberg} and \textit{L.~Strüngmann} [in The structure of \(\mathrm{Ext}(A,B)\) for countable Abelian groups \(A\) and \(B\). Arch. Math. (to appear)]. In this paper the authors prove that if both \(A\) and \(B\) are countable Abelian groups where \(A\) is torsion-free, then the \(p\)-rank (\(r_p\)) is either countable or continuum. The proof relies on descriptive set theory, mainly on a lemma from \textit{S.~Shelah} [Proc.\ Am.\ Math.\ Soc. 103, No.~2, 627-632 (1988; Zbl 0661.55012)].