On Beurling's boundary differential relation (Q2017142)

For a bounded positive continuous function \(\Phi\) defined in the complex plane, \textit{A. Beurling} considered in [Acta Math. 90, 117--130 (1953; Zbl 0051.06004)] the question of existence of holomorphic solutions to the boundary differential relation \[ \lim_{z\rightarrow\xi}\left(|f'(z)|-\Phi(f(z))\right)=0 ,\tag{1} \] for every \(\xi\in\partial\mathbb{D}\). He was able to show the existence of a univalent solution under the natural normalization \(f(0)=0, f'(0)=1\). See also [\textit{F. Bauer} et al., Isr. J. Math. 180, 223--253 (2010; Zbl 1217.30007)], where some crucial points of Beurling's proof are clarified and extended. In this paper the authors study the problem when \(\Phi\) is not necessarily bounded, in which case the existence of solutions to (1) was proved in [\textit{M. Černe} and \textit{M. Zajec}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 139, No. 2, 473--484 (2011; Zbl 1217.30036)]. The authors rewrite the above relation directly in the form \[ |f'(\xi)|=\Phi(f(\xi)) , \;\xi\in\partial\mathbb{D} ,\tag{2} \] which for bounded \(\Phi\) has been shown to make sense by the results in [Zbl 1217.30007, loc. cit.], and which by the constructions in the present paper will also be satisfied. The authors show the following results. For positive and continuous \(\Phi\), there exists a univalent mapping \(\varphi\) belonging to the disk algebra, and a positive integer \(n\) such that \(f(z)=\varphi(z^n)\) solves (2) with \(f(0)=0\). Moreover, if \(\Phi\) is sublinear, then the solution \(f\) is itself univalent. The solution is unique under some additional convexity assumptions on \(\Phi\).