Linear semigroups with coarsely dense orbits (Q2017165)

A subset \(Y\) of a metric space \((X,d)\) is called \(D\)-dense (\(D>0\)) if the open balls of radius \(D\) with centers at points of \(Y\) cover \(X\). The subset \(Y\) is called coarsely dense in \(X\) if there is \(D>0\) such that \(Y\) is \(D\)-dense in \(X\). The main result of this interesting paper asserts that, if \(V\) is a finite dimensional real or complex vector space endowed with a norm and \(S\) is a subsemigroup of invertible linear operators generated by a finite set of commuting elements, then every coarsely dense orbit of \(S\) in \(V\) is actually dense. In fact, this result is obtained as a consequence of a more general one: suppose that an orbit \(O\) of \(S\) has a subset that is coarsely dense in some open cone \(C\) in \(V\). Then the closure of \(O\) is a cone that contains \(C\). Moreover, the authors also determine the structure of the open orbits of the closure of \(S\). This research was motivated by work by \textit{N. S. Feldman} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 273, No. 1, 67--74 (2002; Zbl 1039.47008)], who investigated bounded linear operators on an infinite dimensional Banach space \(X\) that have a coarsely dense orbit. These orbits occur when perturbing dense orbits. Feldman proved that there are nondense, coarsely dense orbits and showed that the existence of a coarsely dense orbit implies the existence of a (possibly different) dense orbit, hence that the operator must be hypercyclic. The results of the paper under review show a behaviour of subsemigroups of invertible operators on a finite dimensional Banach space different from that of a single operator on an infinite dimensional Banach space.