Characterizations for fractional Hardy inequality (Q2018364)

A Maz'ya-type characterization is provided in terms of an associated \((s,p)\)-capacity for the \((s,p)\)-Hardy inequality \[ \int_{G} \frac{|u(x)|^p}{\operatorname{dist}\{x, \partial G\}^{sp}} dx \leq C \int_{G} \int_{G} \frac{|u(x) - u(y)|^p}{|x - y|^{n + sp}} dx dy := C |u|^p_{W^{sp}(G)}, \tag{1} \] which holds for an open nonempty set \(G\subsetneq {\mathbb R}^n\) and any \(u\in {\mathcal C}_{c}(G)\). The following theorems are proved. Theorem 1. Let \(0 < s < 1\) and \(0 < p < \infty\). A non-empty open set \(G\subsetneq {\mathbb R}^n\) admits inequality (1) if and only if there is a constant \(c > 0\) such that \[ \int_{K} \operatorname{dist}\{x, \partial G\}^{-sp} dx \leq c \bigcap_{sp} (K, G) := c \inf_{u} |u|^p_{W^{sp}(G)} \tag{2} \] for every compact set \(K \subset G\). Theorem 2. Let \(0 < s < 1\) and \(1 < p < \infty\) satisfy \(sp < n\). Suppose \(G\) is a nonempty bounded open set in \({\mathbb R}^n\). Then the following conditions are equivalent: 1) \(G\) admits an \((s, p)\)-Hardy inequality (1). 2) \(\bigcap_{s,p}( \cdot , G)\) is \(W(G)\)-quasiadditive and \(G\) admits an \((s, p)\)-zero extension. 3) \(\bigcap_{s,p}( \cdot , G)\) is weakly \(W(G)\)-quasiadditive and \(G\) admits an \((s, p)\)-zero extension. Moreover, the implications \(1)\Rightarrow 2)\Rightarrow 3)\) hold for unbounded open sets \(G \in {\mathbb R}^n\).