Locally finite coalgebras and the locally nilpotent radical. I (Q2020710)

For any coalgebra \(C\) with comultiplication \(c\to \sum c_{(1)}\otimes c_{(2)}\) one can associate the dual algebra \(C^{\ast}\). This is the dual space \(C^{\ast}\) equipped with the multiplication \({\mathfrak m}:C^{\ast}\times C^{\ast}\to C^{\ast}\) defined by \[ ({\mathfrak m}(\alpha,\beta),c)=\sum \langle \alpha,c_{(1)}\rangle\langle \beta,c_{(2)}\rangle,\quad\alpha,\beta\in C^{\ast},c\in C. \] One says that the coalgebra \(C\) is a coalgebra of the variety of algebras \(\mathcal V\), if its dual algebra \(C^{\ast}\) belongs to \(\mathcal V\). The Fundamental Theorem of Coalgebras states that every associative coalgebra is locally finite, i.e. its finitely generated subcoalgebras are finite dimensional. The main purpose of the paper under review is to find conditions which guarantee the analogue of the Fundamental Theorem for varieties of non-associative algebras. It is motivated by the conjecture of Shestakov that this happens if and only if the variety admits the locally nilpotent radical (in the sense of Amitsur-Kurosh). It is shown that under natural restrictions the existence of the locally nilpotent radical in the variety \(\mathcal V\) implies the locally finiteness of the coalgebras of \(\mathcal V\). As a consequence this holds for right alternative Malcev-admissible coalgebras and binary \((-1,1)\)-coalgebras. Concerning the other implication of the conjecture of Shestakov, it is known that the variety of Lie algebras does not admit a locally nilpotent radical and not every finitely generated Lie coalgebra is finite dimensional. In the second part of the paper under review [Commun. Algebra 49, No. 12, 5472--5482 (2021; Zbl 1494.17002)] the authors show for the variety of right alternative algebras (which does not admit a locally nilpotent radical) that not every right alternative coalgebra is locally finite.