Linear independence of values of \(G\)-functions. II: Outside the disk of convergence (Q2022906)

\textit{C. L. Siegel} [Abh. Preuß. Akad. Wiss., Phys.-Math. Kl. 1929, No. 1, 70 S. (1929; JFM 56.0180.05)] introduced the \(G\)-functions as series \(F(z)=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} A_k z^k\in {\overline{\mathbb Q}}[[z]]\) if the following conditions are met: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] There exists \(C>0\) such that for all \(\sigma\in {\text{ Gal}}({\overline{\mathbb Q}}/{\mathbb Q})\) and any \(k\ge 0\), \(|\sigma(A_k)|<C^{k+1}\); \item[(2)] If \(D_n\) is the smallest positive integer such that \(D_n A_k\) is an algebraic integer for all \(k\le n\), then there exists \(D>0\) such that \(D_n\le D^{n+1}\) for all \(n\ge 0\); \item[(3)] \(F(z)\) is a solution of a linear differential equation with coefficients in \({\overline{\mathbb Q}}(z)\). \end{itemize} Starting with a \(G\)-function \(F\) of radius of convergence \(R>0\) define for integers \(n\ge 1,~s\ge 0\) \[ F_n^{[s]}=\sum_{k\ge 0} \frac{A_k}{(k+n)^s} z^{k+n}. \] The main result of the paper is that if \(F\) has Taylor coefficients in a number field \({\mathbb K}\) but is not a polynomial and \(z_0\in {\mathbb K}\), \(|z_0|<R\) is not a singularity of \(F\) or of the \(G\)-operator giving the linear differential equation defining \(f\), then for any integer \(S\ge 2\), the numbers \(\{F_n(z_0)^{[s]}\}\) for \(0\le s\le S\) span a \({\mathbb K}\)-linear space of dimension \(\gg_{F,{\mathbb K}} \log S\). Some interesting corollaries concerning linear independence of values of hypergeometric functions are being presented. The long and technical proof uses Padé approximations. For Part I see [the authors, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 22, No. 5, 1531--1576 (2020; Zbl 1446.11136)].