FCP \(\Delta\)-extensions of rings (Q2023778)

In this paper, the authors work in the category of commutative and unital rings, whose epimorphisms will be involved. If \(R\subseteq S\) is a (ring) extension, \([R,S]\) denotes the set of all \(R\)-subalgebras of \(S\). An extension \(R\subseteq S\) is said to have \textsl{FCP} (or is called an FCP extension) if the poset \(([R,S],\subseteq )\) is both Artinian and Noetherian, which is equivalent to each chain in \([R,S]\) is finite. The seminal paper on \(\Delta \)-extensions was authored by [\textit{R. Gilmer} and \textit{J. A. Huckaba}, J. Algebra 28, 414--432 (1974; Zbl 0278.13003)]. A ring extension \(R\subset S\) is called a \(\Delta \)\textsl{-extension} if \(T+U\in[R,S]\) for each \(T,U\in [R,S]\) (i.e. \(T+U=TU\)). Although the notion of \(\Delta \)-extension originates from Commutative Algebra, the authors show that the lattice properties of \([R,S]\) associated to an extension \(R\subseteq S\) bring a new point of view to their theory. Among the many results (and many notions) obtained in 29 pages we just mention some. Proposition 4.1. Let \(R\subset S\) be a ring extension. The following statements hold: (1) \(R\subset S\) is a Prüfer extension if and only if \(R\subset S\) is an integrally closed \(\Delta \)-extension. (2) If \(R\subset S\) is integrally closed and \(|\mathrm{Supp}(S/R)|<\infty \), the following conditions are equivalent: (a) \(R\subset S\) is a \(\Delta \)-extension; (b) \(R\subset S\) is an FCP extension. Theorem 4.5. An FCP extension \(R\subset S\) is a \(\Delta \)-extension if and only if \(R\subseteq \overline{R}\) is a \(\Delta \)-extension. Theorem 4.11. A catenarian integral FCP extension \(R\subset S\) is a \( \Delta \)-extension if and only if \(R\subseteq _{S}^{t}R\) and \( _{S}^{t}R\subseteq S\) are \(\Delta \)-extensions. The last condition is equivalent to \(_{S}^{t}R\subseteq S\) is arithmetic. Theorem 4.16. An infra-integral FCP extension of length two is a \( \Delta \)-extension. Theorem 4.18. Let \(R\subset S\) be an infra-integral FCP extension. The following conditions are equivalent: (1) \(R\subset S\) is a \(\Delta \)-extension, (2) \(R\subset S\) is modular, (3) \(l[T\cap U,T]+l[T\cap U,U]=l[T\cap U,TU]\) for any \(T,U\in [R,S]\), (4) \(R\subset S\) is semi-modular, (5) \([T,UV]=2\) for any \(T,U,V\in [R,S]\) such that \(T\subset U\) and \( T\subset V\) are minimal with \(U\neq V\). Theorem 4.28. An FCP extension \(R\subset S\) is a \(\Delta \)-extension if and only if the following conditions hold: (1) \(R\subset _{\overline{R}}^{+}R\), \(_{\overline{R}}^{+}R\subset \) \(_{ \overline{R}}^{t}R\) and \(_{\overline{R}}^{t}R\subset \overline{R}\) are \( \Delta \)-extensions. (2) For each \(T,U,V\in [R,\overline{R}]\) such that \(T\subset U\) and \( T\subset V\) are minimal of different types, then \(T\subset UV\) is a B\(_{2}\) -extension. The paper ends with a section of examples.