On the explicit solutions of separation of variables type for the incompressible 2D Euler equations (Q2026695)

The authors consider the incompressible Euler equations \(u_{t}+u\nabla u+\nabla p=0\), \(\nabla \cdot u=0\), posed in a domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{ R}^{n}\), another domain \(D\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}\), a family \(\varphi ^{t}:D\rightarrow \Omega _{t}=\varphi ^{t}(D)\) of diffeomorphisms, the map \( \varphi :D\times \mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{n}\) defined through \( \varphi (z,t)=\varphi ^{t}(z)\) and the vector field \(u\) defined through \( \frac{\partial \varphi }{\partial t}\varphi (z,t)=u(\varphi (z,t),t)\). The purpose of the paper is to find maps \(\varphi \) such that \(u\) is a solution to the above incompressible Euler equations and the authors look for maps \( \varphi (z,t)=A(t)v(z)\) with \(A(t)\in \mathbb{R}^{2+k}\), \(v:D\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{k}\). They distinguish between the cases \(k=2,3,4\). In the case \(k=2\), the authors obtain the Kirchhoff solution as a special case. In the case \(k=3\), the authors describe the most general structure of such solutions. In the case \(k=4\), the authors consider different subcases. The paper ends with an analysis of the vorticity for such solutions.