Division algorithm and Kronecker's approximation theorem (Q2026942)

The authors prove the following characterization of irrational numbers: a real number \(\theta\) is irrational, if and only if there exists a sequence \(\{p_n\}\) of integers such that the sequence \(\{||p_n\theta||\}\) is nonconstant for all large \(n\) and \(||p_n\theta||\to 0\). Using it they provide weaker versions of Dirichlet's and Kronecker's approximation theorems. For example they show: If the real numbers \(1,\theta_1,\ldots,\theta_n\) are linearly independent over \(\mathbb Q\) then for real numbers \(\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_n\) and \(\varepsilon >0\) there exists an integer \(t\ne 0\) such that \(||t\theta_i-\alpha_i||<\varepsilon\) for all \(i=1,\ldots,n\).