Dynamical behaviors for generalized pendulum type equations with \(p\)-Laplacian (Q2027120)

The authors consider an equation with \(p\)-Laplacian, \(p>1\), of the form \[(\phi_p(x'))'+G_x'(t,x)=p(t)~,~\phi_p(u)=|u|^{p-2}u,\] \[G(t+1,x)=G(t,x+1)=G(t,x),p(t+1)=p(t).\] The main result is given by the following theorem. Theorem 1. If \(G(t, x)\) is \(C^5\) in \(x\) and \(C^1\) in \(t\) for \(1 < p < 2\) (\(C^0\) in \(t\) for \(p\geq 2\)), and \(p(t)\) is integrable on \(\mathbb{S}^1\) with \(\mathbb{S}^1 =\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}\), then every solution of the considered equation is bounded if and only if \(\int\limits_0^1p(t)\,dt = 0\); that is, if \(x = x(t)\) is a solution, then \(\sup\limits_{t\in\mathbb{R}}|x'(t)| < \infty\). Moreover, the considered equation admits an infinite number of invariant tori, and thus an infinite number of quasi-periodic solutions when \(\int\limits_0^1p(t)\,dt = 0\); and no invariant torus when \(\int\limits_0^1p(t)\,dt \not= 0.\) In Section 2, the considered equation is transformed into a nearly integrable Hamiltonian system. Furthermore, the perturbations together with their derivatives are estimated. In Section 3, an area-preserving mapping \(P\) is introduced. Some properties of the Calabi invariant of \(P\) are presented. In Section 4, the proof of Theorem 1 is given. A generalized version of Moser's twist theorem is recalled and then, using the properties of the map \(P\), it is used in the proof. In Section 5, the existence of solutions with complex dynamics for a particular case is discussed.