Analytic properties of approximate lattices (Q2027754)

This paper is concerned with analytic properties of approximate lattices in locally compact second countable (lcsc) groups, in particular with properties of Kazhdan and Haagerup type. A subset \(\Lambda\) of a group is an \textit{approximate subgroup} if \(\Lambda^{-1}=\Lambda\), \(e\in\Lambda\) and there exists a finite set \(F_\Lambda\subset\Lambda^3\) such that \(\Lambda^2\subset\Lambda F_\Lambda\). If \(\Lambda \) is an approximate subgroup of a lcsc group \(G\), the group \(\Lambda^\infty\) generated by \(\Lambda\) in \(G\) is known as the \textit{enveloping group} of \(\Lambda\) and the pair \((\Lambda,\Lambda^\infty)\) as an \textit{approximate group}. An approximate subgroup \(\Lambda\subset G\) is a \textit{uniform approximate lattice} in \(\Lambda\) if it is a Delone subset of \(G\). If \(\Lambda\) is a uniform approximate lattice in \(G\) which admits a \(G\)-invariant probability measure we call \(\Lambda\) a \textit{strong uniform approximate lattice}. Recall that if \((X,d)\) is a metric space, then a subset \(\Lambda\subset X\) is called a \textit{Delone set} if there exist constants \(R>r>0\) such that \(d(x,y)\geq r\) for all \(x,\,y\in\Lambda\) with \(x\neq y\); and for every \(x\in X\) there is \(y\in\Lambda\) with \(d(x,y)\leq R\). If \(G\) is a lcsc group, a subset \(\Lambda\subset G\) is Delone if it is a Delone set with respect to some left-admissible metric on \(G\). Let \(G\), \(H\) be lcsc groups and denote by \(\pi_G:G\times H\rightarrow G\) the projection onto \(G\). Let \(\Gamma< G\times H\) be a uniform lattice which projects injectively into \(G\) and densely into \(H\), and let \(W\) be a compact identity neighborhood in \(H\) with dense interior. Then the set \(\Lambda:=\pi_G(\Gamma\cap(G\times W))\) is called a \textit{symmetric model set}. A subset \(\Delta\) of a lcsc group \(G\) is called a \textit{Meyer set} if there exists a symmetric model set \(\Lambda\subset G\) and a finite subset \(F\subset G\) such that \(\Delta\subset \Lambda\subset \Lambda F\). A lcsc group \(G\) has the \textit{Haagerup Property} if there exists a metrically proper affine isometric action on a Hilbert space. The group \(G\) has the \textit{Property (FH)}, if every affine isometric action of \(G\) on a Hilbert space has bounded orbits. Both properties have been generalized in two different directions. Firstly, replacing Hilbert spaces by \(L^p\)-spaces, \(p>1\), we obtain the notion of a-F\(L^p\)-menability, respectively the notion of Property (F\(L^p\)). Secondly, one can replace affine actions and cocycles by the weaker notions of quasi-cocycles, respectively weak quasi-cocycles. \(L^p\)-versions of Property (FH) and a-(FH)-menability are refered as Kazhdan and Haagerup type properties, respectively, as well a quasified version thereof à la Burguer-Monod and Ozawa. Let \((\Lambda,\Lambda^\infty)\) be an approximate group and let \(\mathcal{P}\) be a Kazhdan-type of Haagerup-type property, then we say that \((\Lambda,\Lambda^\infty)\) has \(\mathcal{P}\) if \(\Lambda^\infty\) has \(\mathcal{P}\) relative to \(\Lambda\). Some of the main results are the following. Their proofs are based on a version of cocycle induction from a strong uniform approximate lattice of a lcsc group. This construction is general enough to also apply to (weak) quasi-cocycles with values in \(L^p\)-spaces. Theorem 1.6: Let \(\mathcal{H}\) be a Haaregup-type property, \(G\) be a lcsc group and \(\Sigma\subset G\) be a uniform approximate lattice which is contained in a strong uniform approximate lattice \(\Lambda\subset G\). Then \(G\) has \(\mathcal{H}\) if and only if \((\Sigma,\Sigma^\infty)\) has \(\mathcal{H}\). Theorem 1.9: Let \(\mathcal{T}\) be a Kazhdan-type property,\(G\) be a lcsc group and \(\Lambda\subset G\) be a uniform approximate lattice. Assume that one of the following holds: (i) \(\Lambda\) is a model set or (ii) \(\Lambda\) is a Meyer set which is contained in a model set of almost conected type. Then \(G\) has \(\mathcal{T}\) if and only if \((\Sigma,\Sigma^\infty)\) has \(\mathcal{T}\). The authors also list some examples, applications and open problems.