Classification of flat pencils of foliations on compact complex surfaces (Q2027765)

The paper addresses the problem of classifying the compact complex surfaces which admits flat pencils with an invariant tangent set. This question complement the work [\textit{A. Lins Neto}, Ann. Sci. École Norm 2, No. 35, 231--266 (2002; Zbl 1130.34301)], which classifies flat pencils that admits foliations with a first integral of genus one and with isolated singularities. A pencil \(\mathcal{P} = \{\mathcal{F}_{\alpha} \}_{\alpha \in \overline{\mathbb{C}}}\) on \(X\) is defined by two foliations with an isomorphism between their normal bundles. We can define the tangent set of its pencil by \(\Delta(\mathcal{P}) = \bigcap_{\alpha \in \overline{\mathbb{C}}} (\mathcal{F}_{\alpha})\) and here \(I_{\alpha}(\mathcal{P})\) will denote the set of \(\alpha \in \overline{\mathbb{C}}\) where \(\mathcal{F}_{\alpha}\) admits a holomorphic first integral. The work is divided in two stages. In the first one, the author deals with the case when \(\Delta(\mathcal{P})\) is empty, and it shows the following result ``Let \(X\) be a complex compact surface which admits a pencil \(\mathcal{P}\) with empty tangent set. Then \(X\) is either a torus or a Hopf surface and \(\mathcal{P}\) is generated by linear foliations''. In the second one, the author deals with the case when \(\Delta(\mathcal{P})\) is a non-empty tangent set and an invariant set. In this sense, the author works with generators of the holonomy group of foliations \(\mathcal{F}_{\alpha} \in \mathcal{P}\) with isolated singularities. This was motivated by \textit{L. Neto}'s work in [loc. cit.; Astérisque 296, 167--190 (2004; Zbl 1081.32021)]. For the main result of this paper, the author considers \(\mathcal{P} = \{\mathcal{F}_{\alpha} \}_{\alpha \in \overline{\mathbb{C}}}\) to be a flat pencil (zero curvature) on a compact complex surface \(X\) where \(\mathcal{F}_{\infty}\) has a holomorphic first integral \(f : X \longrightarrow \mathbb{P}^{1}\) and \(\Delta(\mathcal{P})\) is an invariant set. Then it is proved that, if \(\mathrm{gen\,}(f)=0\), then \(X\) is a rational surface, and moreover the theorem shows a characterization of \(I_{p}(\mathcal{P})\).