Non-Invertible dynamical systems. Volume 1. Ergodic theory -- finite and infinite, thermodynamic formalism, symbolic dynamics and distance expanding maps (Q2028711)

The monograph is the first of three volumes (for Volume 2 see [\textit{M. Urbański} et al., Non-invertible dynamical systems. Volume 2. Finer thermodynamic formalism -- distance expanding maps and countable state subshifts of finite type, conformal GDMSs, Lasota-Yorke maps and fractal geometry. Berlin: De Gruyter (2022; Zbl 1505.37003)]). It is addressed to young researchers interested and working in the field of topological dynamical systems and related areas. The exposition is fairly detailed and complete. This volume consists of 12 chapters. Each chapter ends with well-thought exercises. Chapter 1 deals with the basic concepts of topological dynamical systems such as periodic points, \(\omega\)-limit sets and topological conjugacy. The authors consider different relations between minimality, transitivity, topological mixing, strong transitivity, and topological exactness of dynamical systems. Among examples are rotations on compact groups and some continuous interval maps, such as the tent map, the Farey map, the Minkowski's question-mark function. Chapter 2 is devoted to the maps of the unit circle. The authors describe the lifts of the circle map to \(\mathbb{R}\) and study rotation numbers for homeomorphisms of the circle. The Denjoy's theorem for circle diffeomorphisms is here stated and proved. Chapter 3 contains the powerful tools of symbolic dynamics over finite alphabets and full shifts and subshifts of finite type are here studied. In particular, the authors discuss the topological transitivity and the topological exactness of such maps as well as the asymptotic behavior of periodic points. In Chapter 4, the authors study distance expanding maps. Subshifts of finite type, expanding repellers, and, in particular, hyperbolic Cantor sets are here considered as examples of such maps. The notions of inverse branches, shadowing, and Markov partitions are investigated and a theorem on the existence of Markov partitions for open and distance expanding map is proved. The end of the chapter deals with the symbolic representation generated by Markov partitions. Chapter 5 is devoted to positively expansive maps. In particular, it is proved that every distance expanding dynamical system is positively expansive. The authors prove that uniform expansiveness is equivalent to expansiveness for compact dynamical systems. The main result of the chapter states that an expansive map is expanding with respect to some equivalent metric. The last section deals with \(C^1\) maps on \(\mathbb{R}\) that are expansive but not distance expanding with respect to the Euclidean metric (parabolic Cantor sets). Chapter 6 contains a systematic exposition of Shub expanding endomorphisms. The goal of the chapter is to show that every Shub expanding endomorphism of a compact connected smooth manifold is structurally stable in the space of all \(C^1\) endomorphisms. The authors also show that any Shub expanding endomorphism is topologically exact and has a dense set of periodic points. In Chapter 7 the authors discuss the various definitions of topological entropy. At the end of the chapter, the Misiurewicz-Przytycki theorem, providing the estimate for the topological entropy for \(C^1\) endomorphism of smooth compact orientable manifolds, is proved. Chapter 8 is devoted to dynamical systems with a finite invariant measure, thus combining topological dynamics with ergodic theory. Classical theorems such as the Poincaré recurrence theorem, the Krylov-Bogolyubov theorem, the Birkhoff ergodic theorem, the ergodic decomposition theorem, and theorem on the characterization of uniquely ergodicity are claimed and proved. At the end of the chapter, the concept of mixing (weak, strong, and K-mixing) is studied and it is proved that the Rokhlin's natural extension of any metrically exact system is K-mixing. Chapter 9 contains a systematic exposition on measure-theoretic entropy (Kolmogorov-Sinai metric entropy). In particular, the Brin-Katok local entropy formula with its full proof is given. Chapter 10 deals with measurable transformations preserving infinite measure. The authors discuss the notions of quasi-invariant measure, conservativity, first return times, first return maps, and induced transformations. At the end of the chapter, the Martens maps are investigated. These maps have the property that any quasi-invariant probability measure admits an equivalent \(\sigma\)-finite invariant measure. Chapters 11 and 12 contain some results about thermodynamic formalism (topological pressure, variational principles, equilibrium states, Gibbs states).