Root numbers for the Jacobian varieties of Fermat curves (Q2031270)

Let \(p\) be an odd prime number and \(\delta\) a \(p\)-th power-free rational number. We denote by \(F_{\delta}\) be the Fermat curve over \(\mathbb{Q}\) defined by the equation \(X^p + Y^p = \delta\). For integers \(r, s, t > 0\) with \(r + s + t = p\), we denote by \(C_{r,s,t;\delta}\) the smooth projective curve over \(\mathbb{Q}\) defined by the equation \(y^p = x^r(\delta-x)^s\), and by \(J_{r,s,t;\delta}\) its Jacobian variety. The curves \(C_{r,s,t;\delta}\) are natural quotient curves of the Fermat curve \(F_{\delta}\) and the quotient maps induce an isogenous decomposition of the Jacobian Jac\((F_{\delta})\) by the various Jacobian varieties \(J_{r,s,t;\delta}\) over \(\mathbb{Q}\), and so, the Jacobian varieties \(J_{r,s,t;\delta}\) are referred as the Jacobian varieties of the Fermat curves. Let \(\Lambda(s, J_{r,s,t;\delta/\mathbb{Q}})\) be the complete Hasse-Weil \(L\)-function of the Jacobian variety \(J_{r,s,t;\delta/\mathbb{Q}}\). The function \(\Lambda(s, J_{r,s,t;\delta/\mathbb{Q}})\) is entire and satisfies Hecke' s functional equation \(\Lambda(s, J_{r,s,t;\delta/\mathbb{Q}}) = \varepsilon_{r,s,t;\delta} \Lambda(2-s, J_{r,s,t;\delta/\mathbb{Q}})\) where \(\varepsilon_{r,s,t;\delta}= \pm 1\) is the root number. In this paper, the general formulae for the root numbers \(\varepsilon_{r,s,t;\delta}\) of the Jacobian varieties \(J_{r,s,t;\delta/\mathbb{Q}}\) for all \(\delta \in \mathbb{Q}^*\) is given. More precisely, it is proved that \[\varepsilon_{r,s,t;\delta} = \prod_{\ell} \varepsilon_{r,s,t;\delta,\ell},\] where \[ \varepsilon_{r,s,t;\delta,\ell} = \begin{cases} (-1/p), \ \ \text{if}\ \ \ell = \infty;\\ (\ell/p), \ \ \text{if}\ \ \ell \neq p \ \ \text{and} \ \ \ell|\delta;\\ 1, \ \ \text{if}\ \ \ell \not |\, p\delta; \end{cases} \] and \[ \varepsilon_{r,s,t;\delta,p} = \begin{cases} -(-rstd/p), \ \ \text{if}\ \ u(r^rs^s(t - p)^t\delta^{r+s}) = 0;\\ -(rstd/p), \ \ \text{if}\ \ u(r^rs^s(t - p)^t\delta^{r+s}) = 1;\\ (-2/p), \ \ \text{if}\ \ u(r^rs^s(t - p)^t\delta^{r+s})\geq 2. \end{cases} \] Let \(\mathbb{N}^{(p)}\) be the set of \(p\)-th power-free positive integers. As application of the above result the following equidistribution is proved: \[\lim_{X \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\# \{\delta \in \mathbb{N}^{(p)} : \delta \leq X \ \ \text{and} \ \ \varepsilon_{r,s,t;\delta} = 1\}} {\#\{\delta \in \mathbb{N}^{(p)} : \delta\leq X\}} =\frac{1}{2}.\]