Elliptic curves with Galois-stable cyclic subgroups of order 4 (Q2032265)

A finite subgroup of an elliptic curve \(E/\mathbb{Q}\) is Galois-stable if it is stable under the action of the absolute Galois group of \(\mathbb{Q}\). Let \(N_j(X)\) denote the number of elliptic curves over \(\mathbb{Q}\) with at least \(j\) pairs of Galois-stable cyclic subgroups of order \(4\), and height at most \(X\). In this paper, the authors show that \(N_1(X) = c_{1,1}X^{1/3} + c_{1,2}X^{1/6} + O(X^{0.105})\) and \(N_2(X) = c_{2,1}X^{1/6} + o(X^{1/12})\), where \(c_{i,j}\) are calculable constants. Furthermore, they show that no elliptic curve over \(\mathbb{Q}\) has more than \(2\) pairs of Galois-stable cyclic subgroups of order \(4\).