On the internal transition layer to some inhomogeneous semilinear problems: interface location (Q2033133)

In this paper, the author analyzes the exact location of internal transition layer for some classes of solutions of the following singularly perturbed Neumann boundary value problem \[ \epsilon^2 (k(x)u'(x))'+f(u,x)=0, \ x\in(0,1), \] \[ u'(0)=u'(1)=0, \] where \(k(\cdot)\in C^1\) is positive; \(\epsilon > 0\) is a small parameter and \(f\) is of the class \(C^1\) and \(f(\cdot, x)\) has two zeros \(b_1(x),\) \(b_2(x)\) such that \(b_1(\cdot),\) \(b_2(\cdot)\in C^1(0, 1),\) \(b_1(x) < b_2(x)\) for all \(x\in [0, 1]\) and \(\partial_1 f(b_i(x), x) < 0,\) \(i=1,2.\) The achieved results are based on the analysis of the critical points of the energy functional \(\tilde J_{\epsilon}: H^1(0, 1) \to \mathbb{R}\) defined by \[ \tilde J_{\epsilon}(u) =\int\limits_0^1\frac{\epsilon}{2}k(x)|u'|^2+\frac 1{\epsilon}F(u,x)\mathrm{d}x, \] where \[ F(u,x)= - \int\limits_{b_1(x)}^{u}f(s,x)\mathrm{d}s. \]