Linear dependence of quasi-periods over the rationals (Q2034743)

Let \(L = \mathbb{Z} \omega_1+\mathbb{Z}\omega_2\) be a lattice in \(\mathbb{C}\) with \(\Im(\omega_2/\omega_1)>0\). Denote by \(\eta_1\) and \(\eta_2\) the quasi-periods of \(L\), and by \[ G_2(\tau) = \sum_{c,d} (c\tau+d)^{-2} \] the generalised Eisenstein series of weight 2, where the sum is over all integers \(c\) and \(d\) with \((c,d)\neq(0,0)\). Here \(\tau\) belongs to the upper half-plane \(\mathbb{H}\), i.e., \(\Im(\tau)>0\). Letting \(q=e^{2i\pi\tau}\) one has \[ G_2(\tau) = \frac{\pi^2}3 (1-24\sum_{n=1}^\infty \sigma_1(n)q^n), \] where \(\sigma_1(n)\) is the sum of all positive divisors of \(n\). The main result of this paper is the following. Theorem. Let \(L = \mathbb{Z} \omega_1+\mathbb{Z}\omega_2\) be a lattice in \(\mathbb{C}\) with \(\tau = \omega_2/\omega_1 \in\mathbb{H}\). Then \(\eta_1\) and \(\eta_2\) are \(\mathbb{Q}\)-linearly dependent if, and only if, \(\tau\) is equivalent to a zero of \(G_2\) under the action of \(\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\) on \(\mathbb{H}\). The main tool in the proof is that, when \(\tau = \omega_2/\omega_1 \in\mathbb{H}\), one has \(\eta_1 = G_2(\tau)/\omega_1\) and \(\eta_2 = (\tau G_2(\tau)-2i\pi)/\omega_1\).