Gabriel-Zisman cohomology and spectral sequences (Q2035863)

The paper is devoted to the (co)homology of simplicial sets introduced by Gabriel and Zisman for the case of homology \(H^{GZ}_n(X, T)\) with coefficients in functors taking values in an abelian category \(\mathcal M\) with exact coproducts. In the work [\textit{P. Gabriel} and \textit{M. Zisman}, Calculus of fractions and homotopy theory. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag (1967; Zbl 0186.56802), Appendix II, Proposition 4.2], it was proved that for a fixed simplicial set the functors \(H^{GZ}_n(X, -)\) are isomorphic to the left satellites of the colimit functor \(\mathrm{colim}^{(\Delta/X)^{op}}_n: {\mathcal M}^{(\Delta/X)^{op}} \to {\mathcal M}\). If instead of the abelian category \(\mathcal M\) we substitute the opposite category \({\mathcal A}^{op}\), then we obtain the Gabriel-Zismann cohomology \(H^n_{GZ}(X, T)\cong \lim^n_{\Delta/X}T\) for any functor \(T: \Delta/X\to {\mathcal A}\) where \(\mathcal A\) is the abelian category with exact products. The following definition is introduced, which is useful for analyzing the functorial properties of the Gabriel-Zismann cohomology. Definition 1.8 Let \(\mathscr C\) be a small category and \(\mathscr A\) a complete abelian category. Given two functors \(P : {\mathscr C} \to \Delta\) and \(T : {\mathscr C} \to {\mathscr A}\) the nth cohomology of \(P\) with coefficients in \(T\) is defined as \(H^n(P, T ) := H^n(Ran_P(T ))\). Homology \(H_n(P,T)\) is dually defined (Definition 1.9). An additive category \(\mathscr A\) is called cotensored over the category of Abelian groups \(Ab\) if for each \(b\in Ob {\mathscr A}\) the functor \(Hom_{\mathscr A} (-, b): {\mathscr A}^{op}\to Ab \) has a left adjoint, denoted by \(Hom(-, b): Ab \to {\mathscr A}^{op}\). \(\mathscr A\) is called tensored over \(Ab\) if for each \(a\in Ob{\mathscr A}\) the functor \(Hom_{\mathscr A} (a, -)\) has a left adjoint \(-\otimes a: Ab \to {\mathscr A}\). Theorem 1.11 Let \({\mathscr A}\) be an additive category. For any functor \(P: {\mathscr C}\to \Delta\) there exists a resolution \(B^P_*\) of the constant functor \(\underline{\mathbb Z}\) such that 1. If \({\mathscr A}\) is complete and cotensored over \(Ab\), then \[ Ran_P(T)\cong \overline{Hom}_{\mathscr C}(B^P_*, T): \Delta \to {\mathscr A} \] natural in \(T: {\mathscr C}\to {\mathscr A}\). 2. If \({\mathscr A}\) is cocomplete and tensored over \(Ab\), then \[ Lan^{P}(T) \cong B^P_*\underline{\otimes}_{\mathscr C}T: \Delta \to {\mathscr A} \] natural in \(T: {\mathscr C}^{op}\to {\mathscr A}\). 3. If \(P: {\mathscr C}\to \Delta\) is a discrete fibration over \(\Delta\), then there is a natural isomorphism \[ B^P_n \cong \bigoplus_{c\in {\mathscr C}: P(c)=n} {\mathbb Z}Hom_{\mathscr C}(c,d) \] and hence \(B^P_*\) is a free resolution of \(\underline{\mathbb Z}\). Hence it follows that if \(P: {\mathscr C}\to \Delta\) is a discrete fibration, then for any complete abelian category \({\mathscr A}\) with exact products, the cohomology groups of \(P\) with coefficients in \(T\) are derived functors, \(H^n(P,T)\cong Ext^n_{\mathscr C}(\underline{\mathbb Z}, T) \cong \lim^n_T=H^n({\mathscr C}, T)\) and the dual statement is also true (Corollary 1.12). Let \(X\) be a simplicial set. The forgetful functor \(P_X: \Delta/X \to \Delta\) is the discrete fibration. Consequently, \(C^*(P_X, T)\cong C^*_{GZ}(X, T)\) and \( H^*(P_X, T)\cong H^*_{GZ}(X, T)\cong H^*(\Delta/X, T)\) (Theorem 1.13). The dual is also true (Theorem 1.14). Applications of the Gabriel-Zismann (co)homology theory are given: Thomason (co)homology of categories (Example 1.15) in [\textit{I. Gálvez-Carrillo}, \textit{F. Neumann} and \textit{A. Tonks}, Thomason cohomology of categories. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 217, No. 11, 2163-2179 (2013; Zbl 1285.18020)], sheaves on topological spaces (Example 1.16) in [\textit{T. Fimmel}, Math. Nachr. 190, 51--122 (1998; Zbl 0903.55008)], Parshin-Beilinson adeles of schemes (Example 1.17) in [\textit{A. A. Beilinson}, Funct. Anal. Appl. 14, 34--35 (1980); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 14, No. 1, 44--45 (1980; Zbl 0509.14018); \textit{A. N. Parshin}, Math. USSR, Izv. 10(1976), 695--729 (1977; Zbl 0366.14003)], buildings of reductive algebraic groups (Example 1.18) in [\textit{K.S. Brown}, Buildings. New York etc.: Springer-Verlag (1989; Zbl 0715.20017)] and [\textit{P. Schneider} and \textit{U. Stuhler}, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 85, 97--191 (1997; Zbl 0892.22012)]. The second section contains results on the cohomology introduced in Definitions 1.8 and 1.9. Theorem 2.1. Let \({\mathscr C}\) and \({\mathscr D}\) be small categories and \(T: {\mathscr C}\to {\mathscr A}\) be a functor to a complete abelian category. Let \(u: {\mathscr C}\to {\mathscr D}\) be a functor together with functors \(P: {\mathscr C}\to \Delta\) and \(Q: {\mathscr D}\to \Delta\) such that \(P= Q\circ u\). Then there is a spectral sequence: \[ E^{p,q}_2\cong H^p(Q, Ran^q_u(T))\Rightarrow H^{p+q}(P,T), \] which is natural in \(u\) and \(T\) and where \(Ran^q_u(T)\) denotes \(q\)th right satellite of \(Ran_u(T)\). The dual statement is also true, for homology (Theorem 2.2). The final part of the article is devoted to the spectral sequence of the Kan fibration described by \textit{P. Gabriel} and \textit{M. Zisman} in [Calculus of fractions and homotopy theory. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag (1967; Zbl 0186.56802), Appendix II, Theorem 4.5]. A similar but different method for constructing the spectral sequence of the Kan fibration was developed in [\textit{A. A. Khusainov}, Sib. Math. J. 32, No. 1, 116--122 (1991; Zbl 0741.55009), Subsections 4.1--4.3].