A matrix description for torsion free abelian groups of finite rank (Q2039349)

All groups in this review are abelian. The study of torsion-free abelian groups of finite rank is mainly due to \textit{R. Baer} [Duke Math. J. 3, 68--122 (1937; Zbl 0016.20303)], \textit{R. A. Beaumont} and \textit{R. S. Pierce} [Torsion free groups of rank two. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1961; Zbl 0122.27802)], \textit{D. Derry} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 43, 490--506 (1937; JFM 63.0877.01)], \textit{A. Kurosch} [Ann. Math. (2) 38, 175--203 (1937; Zbl 0016.01501)], \textit{F. Levi} [Habilitationsschrift, Leipzig: B. G. Teubner (1917; JFM 46.0176.01)], \textit{A. I. Mal'tsev} [Rec. Math. Moscou, n. Ser. 4, 45--68 (1938; Zbl 0021.29803)] and \textit{L. Pontrjagin} [Ann. Math. (2) 35, 361--388 (1934; Zbl 0009.15601)]. At the time, the crucial problem of description of torsion-free finite rank groups reached to two different results; the description by \textit{A. I. Mal'tsev} [Rec. Math. Moscou, n. Ser. 4, 45--68 (1938; Zbl 0021.29803)] and the description by \textit{D. Derry} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 43, 490--506 (1937; JFM 63.0877.01)] which is based on the theorem by \textit{A. Kurosch} [Ann. Math. (2) 38, 175--203 (1937; Zbl 0016.01501)]. In the case of torsion-free abelian groups of rank two, the subject has been followed by \textit{R. A. Beaumont} and \textit{R. S. Pierce} [Torsion free groups of rank two. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1961; Zbl 0122.27802)]. Recently, the investigation about this subject has been continued by the author in a series of papers [J. Algebra 322, No. 7, 2544--2565 (2009; Zbl 1200.20036); J. Math. Sci., New York 257, No. 6, 883--901 (2021; Zbl 07399179); translation from Fundam. Prikl. Mat. 22, No. 4, 201--228 (2019); J. Math. Sci., New York 230, No. 3, 457--483 (2018; Zbl 1386.20030); translation from Fundam. Prikl. Mat. 20, No. 5, 157--196 (2015)] to describe the torsion free abelian groups of finite rank together with mixed quotient divisible groups. This description is in terms of finite sequences of elements of finitely presented modules over the ring of polyadic numbers. The main result of the present paper (Theorem 4.3) gives a matrix with polyadic entries for every torsion free abelian group of finite rank with a marked basis. In view of the fact that there exists a duality from the category of quotient divisible groups and quasi-homomorphisms to the category of the torsion-free finite rank groups and quasi-homomorphisms [\textit{A. Fomin} and \textit{W. Wickless}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 126, No. 1, 45--52 (1998; Zbl 0893.20041)], the obtained matrix describes the quotient divisible groups as well. Thus, a convenient method is given to find the dual quotient divisible group. This task is done in an interesting example in Section 4.4. Some technical results are proved throughout the paper to reach the main result.