Linear independence in linear systems on elliptic curves (Q2039534)

Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve defined over an algebraically closed field \(k\), let \(\mathcal{L}\) be a line bundle on \(E\) of odd degree \(N>3\) not divisible by char\((k)\) and consider points \(P\) such that there exist global sections \(s_P\) of \(\mathcal{L}\) whose divisor is \(N\cdot P-N\cdot O\). Let \(C\subset E[N]\) be a cyclic subgroup of order \(N\), then there exists a coset \(C'\) of \(C\) made of points \(P\) as above, and the paper deals with the dimension of Span\(\{s_P\,:\,P\in C'\}\subseteq \Gamma(E,\mathcal{L})\). By looking at the effect of maps induced by traslations \(x\mapsto x+Q\), the authors note that the dimension only depends on \(E\) and \(C\) and not on \(\mathcal{L}\) or the choice of \(s_P\): hence, interpreting \(C\) as a divisor of degree \(N\), one can choose \(\mathcal{L}=\mathcal{O}(C)\). \noindent Considering the isotypic components of \(\Gamma(E,\mathcal{L})\) with respect to characters \(\chi:C\rightarrow k^*\), the authors define functions \(\displaystyle{ g_\chi:=\sum_{P\in C} \chi(P)s_P }\) and \(h_\chi\) with divisor \(C_\chi-C\) (\(C_\chi\) is defined via Weil pairing duality), such that the codimension \(c_{E,C}\) of Span\(\{s_P\,:\,P\in C'\}\) is exactly \(\#\left\{\chi\,:\, \frac{g_\chi}{h_\chi}=0\right\}\). By checking the behaviour of the \(g_\chi\) at the cusps of \(X_0(N)\), one shows that the \(\frac{g_\chi}{h_\chi}\) have only finitely many zeroes, hence that the codimension \(c_{E,C}\) is 0 outside a finite set of points \((E,C)\in X_0(N)\). \noindent The same computations on cusps lead to a formula for the divisor \[ D:=\sum_{(E,C)} c_{E,C}\cdot (E,C) \in \text{Div}(Y_0(N))\,. \] The authors conjecture that if char\((k)=0\), then \(D\) is exactly the sum of \(\frac{N^2-1}{24}\) points of codimension 1 and of \(\frac{(N-3)(N^2-1)}{48}\) points of codimension 2: they check the conjecture for \(N=5,7,13\) and provide a ``counterexample'' in positive characteristic.