Toroidal prefactorization algebras associated to holomorphic fibrations and a relationship to vertex algebras (Q2039548)

Given a finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra with invariant form $(\mathfrak{g},\left\langle ,\right\rangle)$, the corresponding affine Lie algebra $\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}$ is a central extension of the loop algebra \[ \mathfrak{g}\left[ z,z^{-1}\right] =\mathfrak{g}\otimes\mathbb{C}\left[ z,z^{-1}\right] \] by a one-dimensional center $\mathbb{C}\mathbf{k}$. It is familiar [\textit{E. Frenkel} and \textit{D. Ben-Zvi}, Vertex algebras and algebraic curves. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2004; Zbl 1106.17035)] that, for each $K\in\mathbb{C}$, the vacuum module \[ V_{K}(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}) =\mathrm{Ind}_{\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}^{+}}^{\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}}\mathbb{C}_{K} \] where \[ \widehat{\mathfrak{g}}^{+}=\mathfrak{g}\left[ z\right] \oplus\mathbb{C}\mathbf{k}\subset \widehat{\mathfrak{g}} \] and $\mathbb{C}_{K}$ denotes its one-dimensional representation on which the first summand acts trivially and $\mathbf{k}$ acts by $K$, is of the structure of a vertex algebra and can be realized geometrically on a smooth complex curve $X$ [\textit{A. Beilinson} and \textit{V. Drinfeld}, Chiral algebras. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (2004; Zbl 1138.17300)], and tied closely to the geometry of the moduli space $Bun_{G}(X)$ of principal $G$-bundles on $X$. More generally, for a commutative $\mathbb{C}$-algebra $R$, one can construct the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}_{R}=\mathfrak{g}\otimes_{\mathbb{C}}R$ and its universal central extension $\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}_{R}$. The case $R=\mathbb{C}\left[ z,z^{-1}\right] $ corresponds to the affine Kac-Moody algebra, while $\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}_{R}$ is known as the $(n+1)$-toroidal algebra in case of $R=\mathbb{C}\left[ z^{\pm1},z_{1}^{\pm1},\dots,z_{n}^{\pm1}\right] $. The principal objective in this paper is to show that, for $R=A\left[ z,z^{-1}\right] $ with a commutative $\mathbb{C}$-algebra $A$, one can associate to $\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}_{R}$ a vertex algebra analogous to $V(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}_{R})$ which has a geometric realization. Connections between toroidal algebras and vertex algebras have been explored in [\textit{S. Berman} et al., Contemp. Math. 297, 1--26 (2002; Zbl 1018.17017); \textit{S. Eswara Rao} and \textit{R. V. Moody}, Commun. Math. Phys. 159, No. 2, 239--264 (1994; Zbl 0808.17018); \textit{H. Li} et al., J. Algebra 365, 50--82 (2012; Zbl 1345.17019); \textit{R. V. Moody} et al., Geom. Dedicata 35, No. 1--3, 283--307 (1990; Zbl 0704.17011)]. It is observed in this paper that Theorem (Theorem 2.9 and Proposition 2.10). When $R=A[z,z^{-1}]$, $V(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}_{R})$ has the structure of a vertex algebra. Furthermore, this structure is functorial in $A$. This paper is largely devoted to giving a geometric realization of $V(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}_{R})$ in the language of factorization algebras [\textit{K. Costello} and \textit{O. Gwilliam}, Factorization algebras in quantum field theory. Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2016; Zbl 1377.81004); Volume 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2021; Zbl 07376333)], where it was shown that there is a close relationship between a certain class of prefactorization algebras on $\mathbb{C}$ and vertex algebras. The following theorem of Gostello and Gwilliam plays a central role in this paper. Theorem (Zbl 1377.81004, Theorem 5.3.3). Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a unital $S^{1}$-equivariant holomorphically translation invariant prefactorization algebra on $\mathbb{C}$ abiding by certain natural conditions. Then the vector space \[ V(\mathcal{F}) =\bigoplus_{t\in\mathbb{Z}}H^{\ast}(\mathcal{F}^{(l)}(\mathbb{C})) \] has the structure of a vertex algebra, where $\mathcal{F}^{(l)}(\mathbb{C})$ denotes the $l$-th eigenspace of \ in $\mathcal{F}(\mathbb{C})$. The authors begin with two pieces of data to construct prefactorization algebras. \begin{itemize} \item A locally trivial holomorphic fibration $\pi:E\rightarrow X$ of complex manifolds with fiber $F$. \item A Lie algebra with invariant bilinear form $(\mathfrak{g},\left\langle , \right\rangle)$. \end{itemize} When $F$ is a smooth affine complex variety with a trivial fibration $E=X\times F$, we obtain a chain of inclusions of factorization enveloping algebras \[ \mathcal{G}_{\mathfrak{g},\pi}^{alg}\subset\mathcal{G}_{\mathfrak{g},\pi}\subset\mathcal{F}_{\mathfrak{g},\pi} \] corresponding to the inclusion of sheaves of dg Lie algebras \[ (\mathfrak{g}\otimes H^{0}(F,\mathcal{O}_{F}^{alg}) \otimes\Omega_{X}^{0,\ast},\overline{\partial}) \subset(\mathfrak{g}\otimes\Gamma(F,\Omega_{F}^{0,\ast}) \otimes \Omega_{X}^{0,\ast},\overline{\partial}) \subset\mathfrak{g}_{\pi} \] which extends to the central extensions, where \ denotes the sheaf of algebraic functions. The principal result in this paper is Theorem (Theorem 5.2). Let $F$ be a smooth affine variety, and $\pi:\mathbb{C}\times F\rightarrow\mathbb{C}$ the trivial fibration with fiber $F$. Then \begin{itemize} \item[1.] The toroidal prefactorization algebra $\mathcal{G}_{\mathfrak{g},\pi}^{alg}$ abides by the hypothesis of the above theorem of Gostello and Gwilliam. \item[2.] The vertex algebra $V(\mathcal{G}_{\mathfrak{g},\pi}^{alg})$ is isomorphic to the toroidal vertex algebra $V(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}_{R})$, with \[ R=H^{0}(F,\mathcal{O}_{F}^{alg}) \left[ t,t^{-1}\right] \] \end{itemize} The proof of the above theorem breaks down into two major steps. \begin{itemize} \item[1.] It is verified that the various technical hypothesis of the above theorem of Gostello and Gwilliam are satisfied. \item[2.] The second step is a somewhat lengthy direct calculation after the approach taken in [\textit{B. Williams}, Lett. Math. Phys. 107, No. 12, 2189--2237 (2017; Zbl 1483.17020)] for the Virasoro factorization algebra and in [Zbl 1377.81004, \S 5.5.5] for the affine factorization algebra. \end{itemize}