Extremal parameters and their duals for boundary maps associated to Fuchsian groups (Q2039726)

Let \(M\) be a closed, oriented, compact surface of genus \(g \geq 2\) and constant negative curvature. This surface is a quotient of the unit disc \(\mathbb{D}\) by a finitely generated Fuchsian group of the first kind acting freely on \(\mathbb{D}.\) The boundary of the disc will be denoted by \(\mathbb{S}\). The surface \(M\) admits a fundamental polygon \(\mathscr{F}\) of \(8g-4\) sides with an appropriated identification. The sides satisfy the extension condition of \textit{R. Bowen} and \textit{C. Series} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 50, 153--170 (1979; Zbl 0439.30033)], namely the geodesic extensions of these segments never intersect the interior of the tiling sets \(\gamma\mathscr{F}\), \(\gamma \in \Gamma\). Let \(P_i\) and \(Q_{i+1}\) with the subindices taken \(\text{mod}\ 8g-4\), the endpoints of the geodesic which contains the side \(i\) of \(\mathscr{F}\). Let us denote by \(T_i\) the generators of \(\Gamma\) associated to \(\mathscr{F}\). The Bowen-Series boundary map is generalized by means of a set of \(8g-4\) parameters, \(\overline{A}=\{A_1, A_2, \dots, A_{8g-4}\}\) with \(A_i \in [P_i,Q_i]\) defining a boundary map \(f_{\overline{A}}: \mathbb{S} \rightarrow \mathbb{S}\) by \(f_{\overline{A}}(x)=T_i(x)\) if \(x\in[A_i,A_{i+1})\). The map \(F_{\overline{A}}:\mathbb{S}\times \mathbb{S} \setminus \Delta \rightarrow \mathbb{S}\times \mathbb{S} \setminus \Delta\), where \(\Delta=\{(x,x): x \in \mathbb{S}\}\) defined as \(F_{\overline{A}}(u,w) = (T_i(u), T_i(w))\) if \((u,w) \in [A_i, A_i+1)\) is bijective when restricted to a suitable domain \(\Omega_{\overline{A}}\). This map \(F_{\overline{A}}:\Omega_{\overline{A}}\rightarrow \Omega_{\overline{A}}\) is called the natural extension of the boundary map. The set \(\overline{A}\) is said to be extremal if \(A_i \in \{P_i,Q_i\}\) for all \(1 \leq i \leq 8g- 4.\) In this paper, the author describes arithmetic cross-sections for geodesic flows on surfaces \(M\) as above. In Section 2, he shows that if the boundary map parameters are extremal then the natural extension map has a domain with finite rectangular structure, and the associated arithmetic cross-section is parameterized by this set. This domain is characterized in Theorem 10. By means of this construction, the geodesic flow can be represented as a special flow over a symbolic system of coding sequences. In Section 3, dual parameters are considered. It is proved in Theorem 25 that every extremal parameter choice has a dual parameter choice for which the natural extension of the boundary map also has a finite rectangular structure domain. Several explicit examples and nice figures are provided throughout the paper with \(g=2\).