A method of solving a nonlinear boundary value problem for the Fredholm integro-differential equation (Q2039772)

The parametrization method is a common technique used to study the solvability of linear, linear non-homogenous Fredholm integro-differential equations (IDEs) and boundary value problems (BVPs). The authors consider nonlinear BVPs for two Fredholm integro-differential equations (Equations (1) and (2) in the paper). Employing some additional parameters and initial conditions at the left-end points of the subintervals, the problems are transformed into equivalent BVPs for a system of nonlinear IDE with parameters on certain subintervals. Special Cauchy problems are obtained for these systems for the unbounded closed operator which yields two nonlinear equations (Equations (6) and (7) in the paper). Further, these equations are solved using iterative methods and the convergence conditions for iterations is also proposed. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique solution to the special Cauchy problems are then obtained. The numerical algorithm is presented for solving two auxiliary problems: a Cauchy problem for ODEs on subintervals and an evaluation of definite integrals on subintervals. The accuracy of the numerical solution is defined by means of a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and Simpson's formula.