A new approach with new solutions to the Matkowski and Wesołowski problem (Q2042970)

\textit{J. Matkowski} in [Aequationes Math. 29, 210--213 (1985; Zbl 0583.39009)] posed a problem asking if the equation \[ \varphi(x)= \varphi \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)+\varphi\left(\frac{x+1}{2}\right)-\varphi\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \] has a nonlinear monotonic and continuous solution \(\varphi\colon [0, 1]\to \mathbb{R}\). During the 47-th ``International Symposium on Functional Equations'' in 2009 J. Wesolowski asked whether the identity on \([0, 1]\) is the only increasing and continuous solution \(\varphi\colon [0, 1] \to [0, 1]\) of the above equation satisfying \[ \varphi(0) = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad \varphi(1) = 1. \] This question was posed within the context of probability measures in the plane that are invariant under winding, see [\textit{J. Misiewicz} and \textit{J. Wesołowski}, Metrika 75, No. 4, 507--519 (2012; Zbl 1300.60033)]. In [Aequationes Math. 92, No. 4, 601--615 (2018; Zbl 1404.39024)] the authors of this paper showed that Matkowski's problem is equivalent to Wesolowski's question. A negative answer to Wesolowski's question (as well as a positive answer to Matkowski's problem) was obtained in an unpublished manuscript by \textit{T. Kania} et al. in 2016. In view of the previously known results, the main aim of this paper is to give a family of functions solving the Matkowski and Wesolowski problem based on a classical result of \textit{G. de Rham} [Univ. Politec. Torino, Rend. Sem. Mat. 16, 101--112 (1957; Zbl 0079.16105)]. This family consists of Hölder continuous functions and it coincides with the whole family of solutions to the Matkowski and Wesolowski problem found earlier by a different method. Moreover, applying some results due to \textit{M. Hata} and \textit{M. Yamaguti} [Japan J. Appl. Math. 1, No. 1, 183--199 (1984; Zbl 0604.26004)] and \textit{L. Berg} and \textit{M. Krüppel} [Z. Anal. Anwend. 19, No. 1, 227--237 (2000; Zbl 0985.39020); Result. Math. 38, No. 1--2, 18--47 (2000; Zbl 0954.39017)], the authors prove that there are functions solving the Matkowski and Wesolowski problem that are not Hölder continuous.