Classification of subbundles on the Fargues-Fontaine curve (Q2045155)

The fundamental object which is the Fargues-Fontaine curve was constructed in [\textit{L. Fargues} and \textit{J.-M. Fontaine}, Courbes et fibrés vectoriels en théorie de Hodge \(p\)-adique. Paris: Société Mathématique de France (SMF) (2018; Zbl 1470.14001)] as a noetherian scheme of Krull dimension 1, associated to any pair \((E,F)\), where \(E\) is a finite extension of \({\mathbb Q}_p\) and \(F\) is an algebraically closed perfectoid extension of \({\mathbb F}_q=\) the residue field of \({\mathcal O}_E:=\) the ring of integers of \(E\). The vector bundles on the Fargues-Fontaine curve \(X=X_{E,F}\) are classified in the paper mentioned above. Namely: 1) one has a good notion of slope, 2) for each \(\lambda \in {\mathbb Q}\) there exists a unique stable vector bundle \({\mathcal O}(\lambda )\) of slope \(\lambda \) and 3) any vector bundle has a unique Harder-Narasimhan decomposition \(\bigoplus _i {\mathcal O}(\lambda _i)^{\oplus m_i}\). If \(\lambda =\frac{r}{s}\) with \(r\), \(s\) coprime and \(s\) positive, then \({\mathcal O}(\lambda )\) has rank \(s\) and degree \(r\). The theory of vector bundles on \(X\) made possible ``spectacular discoveries in arithmetic geometry and \(p\)-adic Hodge theory'' (cf. examples given by the author in the introduction). The author of the paper under review gives a complete answer to the question: given two vector bundles \(\mathcal E\) and \(\mathcal F\) on \(X\) when is one a subbundle of the other? With the notation \({\mathcal V} ^{\ge \mu}:= \bigoplus _{\lambda _i \ge \mu}{\mathcal O}(\lambda _i)^{\oplus m_i}\) if \({\mathcal V}= \bigoplus _i {\mathcal O}(\lambda _i)^{\oplus m_i}\) and \(\mu\) is any rational number, the main result of the paper is: \(\mathcal E\) is a subbundle of \(\mathcal F\) iff (i) \(\hbox{rank }({\mathcal E}^{\ge \mu}) \le \hbox{rank }({\mathcal F}^{\ge \mu})\) for any \(\mu \in {\mathbb Q}\) and (ii) the slope of the Harder-Narasimhan polygon of \(\mathcal E\) is \(\le\) the slope of the Harder-Narasimhan polygon of \(\mathcal F\) on each interval \([i-1,i]\), for \(i=1, \ldots , \hbox{rank}({\mathcal E})\).