Mapping ideals to sublocales (Q2046259)

\par There exists a theorem stating that given the ring \(C=C(X,\mathbb{R})\) of all continuous real-valued functions on a completely regular topological space \(X\), and its subring \(C^{*} = C^{*}(X,\mathbb{R})\) consisting of all bounded functions in \(C\), there is a one-to-one correspondence between the maximal ideals of \(C\) and those of \(C^{*}\)~[\textit{I. Gelfand} and \textit{A. Kolmogoroff}, C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS, n. Ser. 22, 11--15 (1939; Zbl 0021.41103)]. The proof of this result is provided in~[\textit{L. Gillman} et al., Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 5, 447--455 (1954; Zbl 0056.10803)], where the authors introduce a specific map as an auxiliary tool, namely, given an ideal \(I\) of \(C\), they associate to it a closed subset of \(\beta X\) (where \(\beta\) is the Stone-Čech compactification of the space \(X\)) defined as \(\Delta(I)=\bigcap\{\operatorname{cl}_{\beta X}Z(f)\,|\,f\in I\}\), in which \(Z(f)=\{x\in X\,|\,f(x)=0\}\) (the \textit{zero-set} of \(f\)), and \(\operatorname{cl}_{\beta X}S\) denotes the closure of a set \(S\) in \(\beta X\). The present paper makes from the map \(\Delta\) a homomorphism of quantales~[\textit{D. Kruml} and \textit{J. Paseka}, Handb. Algebra 5, 323--362 (2008; Zbl 1219.06016)] in the setting of point-free topology. More precisely, the authors substitute the above ring \(C\) with the ring \(\mathcal{R}L\) of real-valued functions on a frame \(L\) of, e.g.,~[\textit{B. Banaschewski}, Appl. Categ. Struct. 13, No. 4, 305--328 (2005; Zbl 1158.54308)] and consider a map \(\Delta:\mathrm{Idl}(\mathcal{R}L)\rightarrow\mathcal{S}(\beta L)^{op}\), where \(\mathrm{Idl}(\mathcal{R}L)\) stands for the quantale of ideals of the ring \(\mathcal{R}L\), and \(\mathcal{S}(\beta L)^{op}\) is the frame (and, therefore, the quantale) of sublocales of \(\beta L\). The authors show that the map \(\Delta\) is a homomorphism of quantales, which, moreover, has a right adjoint \(\Psi:\mathcal{S}(\beta L)^{op}\rightarrow\mathrm{Idl}(\mathcal{R}L)\) if and only if \(L\) is a \(P\)-frame (i.e., a completely regular frame in which every cozero element is complemented). The authors then use their constructed map \(\Delta\) to characterize the so-called WN-maps of~[\textit{R. G. Woods}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 7, 453--461 (1974; Zbl 0271.54005)] through commutativity of a specific diagram in the category of quantales involving a parallel pair defined in terms of the map \(\Delta\). Recall that a map \(k:X\rightarrow Y\) between Tychonoff spaces is called a \textit{WN-map} provided that \(\operatorname{cl}_{\beta X}k^{-1}(S)=(k^{\beta})^{-1}(\operatorname{cl}_{\beta Y}S)\) for every zero-set \(S\) of \(Y\), where the zero-sets of the space \(Y\) are all the zero-sets of the functions from the ring \(C(Y,\mathbb{R})\), and \(k^{\beta}\) is the extension of \(k\) to \(\beta X\) and \(\beta Y\) as in, e.g.,~[\textit{L. Gillman} and \textit{M. Jerison}, Rings of continuous functions. Reprint of the 1960 Van Nostrand edition. New York - Heidelberg - Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1976; Zbl 0327.46040)]. \par Replacing the Stone-Čech compactification \(\beta\) with the Lindelöfication \(\lambda\) (a topological space \(X\) is said to be Lindelöf provided that every open cover of \(X\) has a countable subcover), the authors define two maps \(\Gamma:\mathrm{Idl}(\mathcal{R}L)\rightarrow\mathcal{S}(\lambda L)^{op}\) and \(\Phi:\mathcal{S}(\lambda L)^{op}\rightarrow\mathrm{Idl}(\mathcal{R}L)\) by analogy with the above ones \(\Delta\) and \(\Psi\), where \(\Gamma\) is a quantale homomorphism, and \(\Phi\) is a right adjoint to \(\Gamma\) precisely when \(L\) is a \(P\)-frame. The authors also notice that the counterpart of the square characterizing WN-maps by commutativity in the \(\beta\)-case always commutes in the \(\lambda\)-case, and, therefore, its commutativity does not characterize WN-maps. \par The paper is well written, provides some of its required preliminaries (the omitted stuff can be easily found with the help of the carefully provided references), and will be of interest to all the researchers studying point-free topology.