Crossings and nestings over some Motzkin objects and \(q\)-Motzkin numbers (Q2048539)

Summary: We examine the enumeration of certain Motzkin objects according to the numbers of crossings and nestings. With respect to continued fractions, we compute and express the distributions of the statistics of the numbers of crossings and nestings over three sets, namely the set of \(4321\)-avoiding involutions, the set of \(3412\)-avoiding involutions, and the set of \((321,3\bar{1}42)\)-avoiding permutations. To get our results, we exploit the bijection of \textit{P. Biane} [Eur. J. Comb. 14, No. 4, 277--284 (1993; Zbl 0784.05005)] restricted to the sets of \(4321\)- and \(3412\)-avoiding involutions which was characterized by \textit{M. Barnabei} et al. [Adv. Appl. Math. 47, No. 1, 102--115 (2011; Zbl 1225.05242)] and the bijection between \((321,3\bar{1}42)\)-avoiding permutations and Motzkin paths, presented by \textit{W. Y. C. Chen} et al. [J. Comb. 9, No. 2, Research paper R15, 13 p. (2003; Zbl 1023.05002)]. Furthermore, we manipulate the obtained continued fractions to get the recursion formulas for the polynomial distributions of crossings and nestings, and it follows that the results involve two new \(q\)-Motzkin numbers.