Global hypoellipticity for a class of overdetermined systems of pseudo-differential operators on the torus (Q2048649)

The problem of the global hypoellipticity for partial differential operators on the torus attracted recently the attention of several scholars. Here the authors study overdetermined systems of pseudo-differential operators, basic model being \(L= d/dt+c(t)P(D)\). Namely, \(n\) equations of this type are considered in different time variables \(t\) on the circle, \(c(t)\) is a vector of smooth periodic functions in the corresponding variables \(t\) and \(P(D)\) is a vector of Fourier multipliers acting on the \(x\) space variables in the \(N\) torus. The symbol of \(P(D)\) and its quantization on the \(N\) torus are defined as in [\textit{M. Ruzhansky} and \textit{V. Turunen}, Pseudo-differential operators and symmetries. Background analysis and advanced topics. Basel: Birkhäuser (2010; Zbl 1193.35261)]. Concerning the functional setting of the overdetermined system in the \(n+N\) dimensional torus with variables \((t,x)\), reference is given to [\textit{F. Trèves}, Ann. Math. (2) 104, 269--324 (1976; Zbl 0354.35067)]. Main issue of the paper is to relate the global hypoellipticity of \(L\) with the global hypoellipticity of its normal form \(M=d/dt+rP(D)\), where \(r\) is the constant obtained by the integral average of \(c(t)\) on the circle. The properties of the operator \(M\) are first discussed in detail, and then necessary and sufficient conditions are deduced for \(L\). Relevant reference is the preceding work of [\textit{A. P. Bergamasco} et al., J. Funct. Anal. 114, No. 2, 267--285 (1993; Zbl 0777.58041)].