Isolated singularities for the \(n\)-Liouville equation (Q2048704)

Let \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n\) (\(n\geq 2\)) be an open set, with \(0\in \Omega\), and let \(\omega_n\) be the volume of the unit ball in \(\mathbb{R}^n\). The author studies the behavior near \(0\) of the solutions of the generalized \(n\)-Liouville equation \[-\Delta_n u=|x|^{n\alpha}e^u, \ \ \ \text{in} \ \ \Omega \setminus \{0\}, \ \ \ \int_\Omega|x|^{n\alpha}e^udx<\infty \tag{1}\] and proves that for every solution \(u\) of this problem there exists \[\gamma>-n^n|\alpha+1|^{n-2}(\alpha+1)\omega_n\] such that \\ \ 1) \ \(-\Delta_n u=|x|^{n\alpha}e^u-\gamma\delta_0, \ \ \ \text{in} \ \ \Omega,\) \ 2) \ the function \(u-\gamma(n\omega_n|\gamma|^{n-2})^{\frac{1}{1-n}}\log|x|\) is locally bounded in \(\Omega\), \ 3) \ \(\lim_{|x|\rightarrow 0}\left[|x|\nabla u -\gamma(n\omega_n|\gamma|^{n-2})^{\frac{1}{1-n}}\frac{x}{|x|}\right]=0\). \noindent For \(\alpha=-2\), as a corollary to this result, one has that every solution \(u\) of \[-\Delta_n u=e^u, \ \ \ \text{in} \ \ \Omega, \ \ \ \int_\Omega e^udx<\infty, \tag{2}\] where \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}\) is open and \(\mathbb{R}\setminus B_R(0)\subset \Omega\) for some \(R>0\), satisfies \[u=-\left(\frac{\gamma_\infty}{n\omega_n}\right)^{\frac{1}{n-1}}\log|x|+O(1),\] for some \(\gamma_\infty>n^n\omega_n\) . The author also considers equation \((1)\) in the whole \(\mathbb{R}^n\), that is \[-\Delta_n u=|x|^{n\alpha}e^u, \ \ \ \text{in} \ \ \mathbb{R}^n, \ \ \ \int_{\mathbb{R}^n}|x|^{n\alpha}e^udx<\infty, \tag{3}\] and shows that if \(u\) is a solution to \((3)\), then \(\alpha>-1\) and the quantization property \[\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} |x|^{n\alpha}e^udx=n\left(\frac{n^2}{n-1}\right)^{n-1}(\alpha+1)^{n-1}\omega_n\] holds. This property, with \(\alpha=0\), allows to establish a classification result for the solutions of the \(n\)-Liouville equation \(\mathbb{R}^n\). The existence of radial solutions and the related quantization properties are also obtained for equation \((2)\) in the case \(\Omega= \mathbb{R}^n\setminus\{0\}\).