The normality of macrocubes and hyperballeans (Q2049070)

A \textit{ballean} (or \textit{coarse space}) is a set endowed with a coarse structure (see [\textit{I. Protasov} and \textit{T. Banakh}, Ball structures and colorings of graphs and groups. Lviv: VNTL Publishers (2003; Zbl 1147.05033), \textit{J. Roe}, Lectures on coarse geometry. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2003; Zbl 1042.53027)]). A ballean is said to be \textit{normal} if any two asymptotically disjoint subsets are asymptotically separated. It is known that a ballean is normal whenever it has a linearly ordered base. See [\textit{I. V. Protasov}, Mat. Stud. 20, No. 1, 3--16 (2003; Zbl 1053.54503)]. A \textit{bornology} on a set \(X\) is a family of subsets of \(X\), called bounded sets, that contains \([X]^{<\omega}\), and is closed under finite unions and taking subsets. For example, given a connected ballean \(X\), the family \(\mathcal{B}_{X}\) of all bounded subsets of \(X\) is a bornology. Given a bornology \(\mathcal{B}\) on a cardinal \(\kappa\) such that \(\kappa \notin \mathcal{B}\), let \(\{0, 1\}^{\mathcal{B}}\) be the image of \(\mathcal{B}\) by the usual bijection \(\mathcal{P}(\kappa) \cong \{0, 1\}^{\kappa}\). The bornology \(\mathcal{B}\) naturally induces a coarse structure on \(\{0, 1\}^{\mathcal{B}}\). The resulting ballean is called the \textit{\(\mathcal{B}\)-macrocube}. In this paper, the authors prove that \(\{0, 1\}^{\mathcal{B}}\) is normal if and only if \(\mathcal{B}\) has a linearly ordered base (Theorem 4.1), which solves Question 1 from [\textit{T. O. Banakh} and \textit{I. Protasov}, J. Math. Sci., New York 241, No. 1, 19--26 (2019; Zbl 1432.54024); translation from Ukr. Mat. Visn. 15, No. 3, (2018)] Let \(X\) be a ballean. The \textit{hyperballean} \([X]^{\mathcal{B}}\) of \(X\) is the set \(\mathcal{B}_{X}\setminus\{\varnothing\}\) endowed with the natural coarse structure defined like uniform hyperspaces (see [\textit{D. Dikranjan} et al., Appl. Gen. Topol. 20, No. 2, 431--447 (2019; Zbl 1429.54035)]). In [``The normality and bounded growth of balleans'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1810.07979}], \textit{T. Banakh} and \textit{I. Protasov} asked if \([X]^{\mathcal{B}}\) is normal for each ultradiscrete ballean \(X\). The authors negatively answer the question by considering hyperballeans of cardinals. A bornology \(\mathcal{B}\) on a cardinal \(\kappa\) induces a coarse structure on \(\kappa\), which is pseudodiscrete in the sense of [\textit{O. I. Protasova}, Algebra Discrete Math. 2006, No. 4, 81--92 (2006; Zbl 1118.54017)]. The ballean \(\kappa\) is ultradiscrete if and only if the family of all co-bounded subsets of \(\kappa\) is an ultrafilter over \(\kappa\). As a corollary to Theorem 4.1, the authors prove that \([\kappa]^{\mathcal{B}}\) is not normal whenever \(\kappa\) is ultradiscrete (Corollary 4.2).