Adapted metrics for singular hyperbolic flows (Q2052806)

The authors study the existence of adapted metrics for singular-hyperbolic sets and certain classes of sectional-hyperbolic sets with respect to a \(C^1\) vector field. More precisely, let \(X\) be a \(C^1\) vector field on a connected compact smooth \(m\)-dimensional manifold \(M\), \(m \geq 3\), and let \(\Gamma\) be a partially hyperbolic subset of \(M\), i.e., it exhibits a dominated splitting \(T_\Gamma M = E \oplus F\) such that subbundle \(E\) is uniformly contracted. We say that a Riemannian metric \(\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle\) is adapted to a partially hyperbolic splitting if it induces a norm \(|\cdot|\) admitting a constant \(\lambda >0\) such that \[ |DX_t|_{E_x}| \cdot |(DX_t|_{F_x})^{-1}| \leq e^{-\lambda t} \hbox{ and } |DX_t|_{E_x}|\leq e^{-\lambda t} \] for all \(x\) in partial hyperbolic set \(\Gamma\) and \(t >0\). Moreover, the metric \(\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle\) is said to be: \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] Adapted to a singular-hyperbolic splitting if \(|\cdot|\) satisfies \[ |\det(DX_t|_{F_x})| \geq e^{\lambda t} \] for all \(x\) in singular-hyperbolic set \(\Gamma\) and \(t >0\). We say that \(\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle\) is a singular-adapted metric; \item[(2)] Adapted to a sectional-hyperbolic splitting if \(|\cdot|\) satisfies \[ |\det(DX_t|_{L_x})| \geq e^{\lambda t} \] for all \(x\) in sectional-hyperbolic set \(\Gamma\), \(t >0\) and \(2\)-subspace \(L_x \subset F_x\). We say that \(\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle\) is a sectional-adapted metric. \end{itemize} The main results in this paper are stated as follows. Theorem 1. Any singular-hyperbolic set \(\Gamma\) for a \(C^1\) vector field admits a singular-adapted metric. Theorem 2. Any uniformly hyperbolic set \(\Gamma\) for a \(C^1\) vector field admits a sectional-adapted metric. Theorem 3. Let \(\Gamma\) be a partially hyperbolic set for a \(C^1\) vector field whose splitting \(T_\Gamma M = E^s \oplus E^c \oplus E^u\) is dominated with subbundles of constant dimension such that \(E^s\) is uniformly contracted, \(E^c\) is \(2\)-dimensional and area expanding, \(E^u\) is uniformly expanded, and \(E^c \oplus E^u\) is strongly partially hyperbolic. Then \(\Gamma\) admits a sectional-adapted metric.