On Drinfeld modular forms of higher rank IV: modular forms with level (Q2055934)

This paper under review is the fourth of the author's series of work [J. Théor. Nombres Bordx. 29, No. 3, 875--902 (2017; Zbl 1411.11041); J. Number Theory 232, 4--32 (2022; Zbl 1485.11090); J. Number Theory 192, 293--306 (2018; Zbl 1444.11091)] which aim to lay the foundation of a theory of Drinfeld modular forms of higher rank. The previous three papers [loc. cit.] focus on the theory of modular forms ``without level'' and the connection with the geometry of the Bruhat-Tits building. The current part IV is devoted to forms for the congruence subgroups of \(\mathrm{GL}(r, {\mathbb F}_{q}[T])\) towards the study of the moduli space of Drinfeld modules with level structures. To state the results, let \(A = {\mathbb F}_{q}[T]\) be the polynomial ring in an indeterminate \(T\) over the finite field \({\mathbb F}_{q}\) of \(q\)-elements with quotient field \(K = {\mathbb F}_{q}(T)\), and its completion \(K_{\infty} = {\mathbb F}_{q}((T^{-1}))\) at infinity, and \(C_{\infty}\) the completed algebraic closure of \(K_{\infty}.\) Let \(r \ge 2\) be a positive integer and let \(\Omega^{r}\) be the Drinfeld symmetric space which is the complement in projective space \({\mathbb P}^{r-1}(C_{\infty})\) of the \(K_{\infty}\)-rational hyperplanes. As an admissible open subspace of \({\mathbb P}^{r-1}(C_{\infty})\), the Drinfeld symmetric space \(\Omega^{r}\) is quipped with a structure of \(C_{\infty}\)-analytic spaces. Let \(\Gamma = \mathrm{GL}(r, {\mathbb F}_{q}[T])\) be the modular group and for \(N \in A\) the full congruence subgroup is denoted by \(\Gamma(N) = \{\gamma\in \Gamma \mid \gamma \equiv 1 \pmod{N}\}.\) The modular group \(\Gamma\) acts on \(\Omega^{r}\) and the quotient \(M^{r}(N) = \Gamma(N)\backslash \Omega^{r}\) by the congruence subgroup is an analytic space which is the set of \(C_{\infty}\)-points of the moduli scheme \(M^{r}(N)\) parameterizing rank-\(r\) Drinfeld \({\mathbb F}_{q}[T]\)-modules with a structure of level \(N \in {\mathbb F}_{q}[T]\). The main purpose of this paper is to construct and study a compactification \(\overline{M}^{r}(N)\), called the Eisenstein compactification of \(M^{r}(N).\) The idea of establishing a projective embedding of \(\overline{M}^{r}(N)\) is taken from~[\textit{M. M. Kapranov}, Math. USSR, Izv. 30, No. 3, 533--547 (1988; Zbl 0664.14025); translation from Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 51, No. 3, 568--583 (1987)] through the study of the graded \(C_{\infty}\)-algebra \(\mathbf{Eis}(N)\) generated by the Eisenstein series of level \(N\) . Let \(\overline{\Omega}^{r}\) be the analytic space which can be realized as a union of subspaces isomorphic to \(\Omega^{i}\) for \(1 \le i \le r\), then one of the main results (Theorem~5.9~(i)) says that the set \(\Gamma(N)\backslash \overline{\Omega}^{r}\) is the set of \(C_{\infty}\)-points of \(\overline{M}^{r}(N)\) which an be described as the variety \(\mathrm{Proj} \mathbf{Eis}(N).\) It is a closed subvariety of the projective space \(\mathbb{P}\left(\mathrm{Eis}_{1}(N)^{\wedge}\right)\) attached to the dual of the vector space \(\mathrm{Eis}_{1}(N)\) of Eisenstein series of level \(N\) and weight 1. Moreover, the dimension of \(\mathrm{Eis}_{1}(N)\) is equal to the number of cusps of \(\Gamma(N).\) As the author points out, the Eisenstein compactification \(\overline{M}^{r}(N)\) of \(M^{r}(N)\) gives a very concrete description via the fundamental domain for \(\Gamma\) on \(\Omega^{r}\) introduced in [the author, J. Reine Angew. Math. 754, 87--141 (2019; Zbl 1444.11124)] and it has good functorial properties such as the compatibility with level change. The boundary components and the (non-)vanishing of Eisenstein series on them are studied so that the number of cuspidal divisors of \(\Gamma(N)\backslash \overline{\Omega}^{r}\) is explicitly computed. Also, tubular neighborhoods along the cuspidal divisors of \(\overline{M}^{r}(N)\) are constructed. The author defines the Satake compactification \(M^{r}(N)^{\mathrm{Sat}}\) of \(M^{r}(N)\) to be the normalization of \(\overline{M}^{r}(N).\) Properties of the normalization map \(M^{r}(N)^{\mathrm{Sat}} \to \overline{M}^{r}(N)\) are discussed. The author provides two classes examples, depending on the work of \textit{G. Cornelissen} [Geometrical properties of modular forms over rational function fields. Ghent: Ghent University (Diss.) (1997)] and \textit{R. Pink} and \textit{S. Schieder} [J. Algebr. Geom. 23, No. 2, 201--243 (2014; Zbl 1327.14123)], where either the rank \(r\) equals 2 or where the level \(N\) has degree 1 and in these examples the two compactifications \(M^{r}(N)^{\mathrm{Sat}}\) and \(\overline{M}^{r}(N)\) agree.