Large time behavior for a Hamilton-Jacobi equation in a critical coagulation-fragmentation model (Q2057018)

The large time behavior of viscosity solutions to \begin{align*} & \partial_t F(x,t) + \frac{1}{2} (\partial_x F(x,t)-1) (\partial_x F(x,t)-2) + \frac{F(x,t)}{x} - 1 = 0 \;\;\text{ in }\;\; (0,\infty)^2\,, \\ & 0 \le F(x,t) \le x \;\;\text{ on }\;\; [0,\infty)^2\,, \\ & F(x,0) = F_0(x) \;\;\text{ in }\;\; [0,\infty)\,, \end{align*} is investigated, when the initial condition \(F_0\) is sublinear with \(0\le F_0(x)\le x\) and \(0 \le \partial_x F_0\le 1\), and shown to depend upon the behavior of \(F_0(x)x^{-2/3}\) as \(x\to\infty\). More precisely, assuming that \(F_0(x)x^{-2/3}\to L\) as \(x\to\infty\) for some \(L\in [0,\infty]\), the family \(\{F(t) : t\ge 0\}\) converges as \(t\to\infty\) to a limit \(F_\infty\) uniformly on compact subsets of \((0,\infty)\) with \(F_\infty\equiv 0\) when \(L=0\), \(F_\infty(x)=x\) when \(L=\infty\), and \(F_\infty\) is a uniquely determined sublinear stationary solution (depending on \(L\)) when \(L\in (0,\infty)\). It is also proved that the family \(\{F(t) : t\ge 0\}\) need not have a limit as \(t\to\infty\) when \(F_0(x)x^{-2/3}\) does not have a limit as \(x\to\infty\). The proofs rely on the representation of viscosity solutions provided by optimal control theory and characteristics. This problem is connected with the analysis of the large time behavior of weak solutions to the coagulation-fragmentation equation with multiplicative coagulation kernel, constant fragmentation kernel, and total mass equal to one, see [\textit{H. V. Tran} and \textit{T.-S. Van}, ``Coagulation-fragmentation equations with multiplicative coagulation kernel and constant fragmentation kernel'', Comm. Pure Appl. Math. (to appear)].