\(p\)-torsion étale sheaves on the Jacobian of a curve (Q2057236)

Let \(X\) be a smooth proper curve over \(\mathbb{F}_p\). The (unramified) geometric class field theory establishes an association from rank one étale \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_{\ell}\)-local systems on \(X\) to \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_{\ell}\)-sheaves on \(\mathrm{Pic}_X\) satisfying a certain Hecke property. When \(X\) is a smooth proper curve over the complex number \(\mathbb{C}\), an analogous result for algebraic \(\mathscr{D}\)-modules is obtained by Laumon in a different way. A key construction in Laumon's approach is now called Fourier-Mukai-Laumon transform. The paper under review studies an analogous question with \(p\)-torsion coefficients objects on a smooth proper curve \(X\) over \(\mathbb{F}_q\). In this situation, rank one étale \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_{\ell}\)-local systems (resp. \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_{\ell}\)-sheaves) are replaced by rank one étale \(W_n(\mathbb{F}_q)\)-local systems (resp. arithmetic \(\mathscr{D}\)-modules in the sense of Berthelot). Let \(X\) be a smooth projective curve over \(W_n(=W_n(\mathbb{F}_q))\), \({Jac}\) its Jacobian and \(\widetilde{{Jac}}\) the universal extension of \({Jac}\). The author defines a Verschiebung endomorphism \({Ver}:\widetilde{{Jac}}\to \widetilde{{Jac}}\) using Berthelot's Frobenius pull-back functor and \(\widetilde{{Jac}}^{\sharp}\) to be the fixed point subscheme of \({Ver}\). A \(W_n\)-point of \(\widetilde{{Jac}}^{\sharp}\) can be viewed as an line bundle, equipped with a connection and a Frobenius structure, called \textit{unit F-crystal}. The author extends Fourier-Mukai-Laumon transform to unit \(F\)-crystals (more generally to \(p\)-torsion arithmetic \(\mathscr{D}\)-modules). Emerton-Kisin established a Riemann-Hilbert correspondence between unit \(F\)-crystals and certain constructible \(W_n\)-étale sheaves. Based on these results, the author constructs a functor \(\mathbb{L}_n\) from the derived category of certain coherent sheaves on \(\widetilde{{Jac}}^{\sharp}\) equipped with an automorphism to the derived category of constructible étale \(W_n\)-sheaves on \({Jac}\). The construction also uses the machine of \(\infty\)-categories. Moreover, this functor categorifies the geometric class field theory for \(p\)-torsion étale local systems on \(X\). The main result is a criterion on full faithfulness of \(\mathbb{L}_n\), which is equivalent to the nilpotence of the Frobenius action on \(H^1(X_{\mathbb{F}_q},\mathscr{O}_{X_{\mathbb{F}_q}})\). The proof is based on the study of Verschiebung endomorphism action on the cohomologies of a Koszul complex.