Dimension of divergence set of the wave equation (Q2057924)

The authors consider the following variation of the Carleson problem: if \(u\) is the solution of the wave equation with initial datum \((f_0, f_1) \in H^s(\mathbb{R}^d)\times H^{s-1}(\mathbb{R}^d)\), then at most how large is the set of points \(x \in \mathbb{R}^d\) where \(u(x,t) \not\to f_0(x)\) as \(t \to 0\)? The size of a set is measured using the Hausdorff dimension. \textit{J. A. Barceló} et al. [Math. Ann. 349, No. 3, 599--622 (2011; Zbl 1229.35039)] approached the problem using the decay of the spherical means of the Fourier transform of a Frostman measure \(\mu\), that is, using \[ \int_{S^{d-1}}\vert \hat{\mu}(\lambda\theta) \vert^2\,d\theta \le C_\mu\lambda^{-\beta}, \qquad \text{where supp}\, \mu \subset B(0,1). \tag{1}\] This method yields some upper bounds on the dimension of the divergence set, but it has known limitations. Hence, in the paper under review, they study the problem using a fractal Strichartz estimate: \[ \big\Vert e^{it\sqrt{-\Delta}}f \big\Vert_{L^2(d\nu)} \le C_\nu \Vert f \Vert_{H^s(\mathbb{R}^d)}. \] Then, the authors apply the results in [\textit{C.-H. Cho} et al., Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl., Ser. A, Theory Methods 150, 61--75 (2017; Zbl 1355.35005)] and in [\textit{T. L. J. Harris}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 147, No. 11, 4781--4796 (2019; Zbl 1423.42047)]. When \(d = 3\), the upper bound for the size of the set of divergence matches the size conjectured by Barceló et al. [loc. cit.] The authors also prove that the inequality (1) is essentially equivalent to \[ \Vert e^{it\sqrt{-\Delta}}P_\lambda f \Vert_{L^2(d\mu\times dt)} \le C_\mu\lambda^{\frac{d-1}{2} - \frac{\beta}{2}} \Vert f \Vert_{L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)}, \] where \(P_\lambda\) is the projection to frequencies \(\simeq\lambda\), and \(dt\) is the Lebesgue measure in \([1, 2]\).