Orbifold construction and Lorentzian construction of Leech lattice vertex operator algebra (Q2062721)

The authors of this paper study orbifold constructions of the holomorphic vertex operator algebras of central charge 24 in a Lorentzian setting. It was recently proved that all strongly rational vertex operator algebras of central charge 24 with non-zero weight-one space can be obtained as direct orbifold constructions of the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra \(V_\Lambda\) [\textit{J. van Ekeren} et al., Adv. Math. 380, Article ID 107567, 34 p. (2021; Zbl 1492.17027); \textit{S. Möller} et al., ``Dimension formulae and generalised deep holes of the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1910.04947}]. These proofs rely on a number-theoretic dimension formula. In the main result of this text (see Theorem 1.1), the authors give an alternative proof of this statement by describing these orbifold constructions in a Lorentzian setting, i.e. by in a certain sense generalising the classical constructions of the Niemeier lattices due to Conway, Sloane and Borcherds using isotropic elements in a Lorentzian lattice of signature (25,1). Their proof is in a way more elementary (at the expense of being slightly more technical) and mainly uses lattice-theoretic techniques. The advantage is that it gives some more direct information about the constructed vertex operator algebras, such as the associated (or orbit) lattice described by \textit{G. Höhn} [``On the genus of the moonshine module'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1708.05990}]. That way, the result sheds some new light on these vertex operator algebras and the relations amongst them. For instance, they essentially show that the holomorphic vertex operator algebras in one of the 11 families A to K given by Höhn (based on the genus of the associated lattice) are related by inner orbifold constructions and are in the same genus as defined by \textit{Y. Moriwaki} [Math. Z. 299, No. 3--4, 1473--1505 (2021; Zbl 07428865)], i.e. they become isomorphic upon tensoring with the vertex algebra \(V_{I\!I_{1,1}}\) of the hyperbolic plane (see Proposition 1.2). They also show as an application that all these holomorphic vertex operator algebras can be realised over \(\mathbb{Q}\) (see Proposition 1.3).