Diffusion-approximation for a kinetic spray-like system with random forcing (Q2063973)

In this paper a kinetic toy model for a spray of particles immersing in an ambient fluid is studied. The motion of the particles is described by the equation \[ \partial_{t} f+\varepsilon\, v\cdot \nabla_{x} f+\nabla_{v} \cdot (F(t,x,v)f)=0. \tag{1} \] The forcing term of the form \[ F(t,x,v)=(u_{t}(x)-v)+m_{t}(x) \tag{2} \] expresses the speed of alignment of particles with the local speed \(u_{t}(x)\) of the fluid. Here, \((m_{t}(x))_{t\ge 0}\) denotes space-dependent, centered Markov process. Here, it is assumed that the particles have very little impact on the behaviour of the fluid; \(u\equiv u_{t}(x)\) is described according to the equation \[ \partial_{t} u-\Delta u= \varepsilon^{2}\int_{u} (v-u)f\,dv. \tag{3} \] The one dimensional case is considered, \(x\in \mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z},\hspace{2ex} v\in \mathbb{R}\). In (1)--(3) the following scaling is introduced \[ f_{t}^{\varepsilon}(x,v):=f_{\varepsilon^{-2}t}(x,v),\quad u_{t}^{\varepsilon}(x):= \varepsilon^{-1} u_{\varepsilon^{-2}t}(x),\quad m_{t}^{\varepsilon}(x,v):= m_{\varepsilon^{-2}t}(x). \tag{4} \] Such rescaled variables satisfy the following equation \[ \begin{cases} \partial_{t} f^{\varepsilon}+\varepsilon^{-1} v \partial_{x} f^{\varepsilon} +\varepsilon^{-2} \partial_{v} \left[(\varepsilon u^{\varepsilon}(x)-v+m^{\varepsilon}(x)) f^{\varepsilon} \right]=0, \\ \partial_{t} u^{\varepsilon}-\partial_{x}^{2} u^{\varepsilon}=\int (v-\varepsilon u^{\varepsilon})f^{\varepsilon} dv. \end{cases}\tag{5} \] The integral quantity is defined \[ \varrho^{\varepsilon}(x) = \int f^{\varepsilon} (x,v) dv.\tag{6} \] Then the authors study the behaviour of \((\varrho^{\varepsilon},u^{\varepsilon})\) satisfying (5)--(6) as \(\varepsilon\) goes to zero. They determine the stochastic partial differential equation satisfied by the limiting law of \(\varrho^{\varepsilon}\) when \(\varepsilon\) goes to zero. The main result of the paper, Theorem 1.1, shows that the law of the limiting density satisfies a stochastic conservation equation in Stratonovich form. The drift and diffusion coefficients are determined by the law of the process associated with a Markov perturbation. The above results are completed by the uniqueness result formulated in Theorem 1.2. The current paper is a continuation of four papers written by the authors 2012, 2016 and 2021. This huge paper (53 pages) supplies proofs of the main and auxiliary results with details. The article should be interesting for people working with hydrodynamic equations.